We have seen that Turner went to Lane End in 1762. “About 1750,” says Shaw, but probably some years later, “Mr John Barker, with his brother and Mr Robert Garner, commenced the manufacture of shining black and white stoneware salt glaze at the Row Houses, near the Foley, Fenton, where afterwards they made tolerable cream colour. They realized a good property here; and Mr R. Garner erected a separate manufactory and the best house of the time in Lane End, near the old Turnpike Gate.”[115] This was after 1762, for among the Wedgwood MSS. is an account of that date from Messrs Robert Garner and J. Barker jointly for brown china tea-pots and pineapple jars supplied to Wedgwood at Burslem,[116] doubtless to complete an order. Roger Woods too is said to have built in 1756 a factory, afterwards known as Sampson Bridgwoods, by the brook at the Lower Market Place in Longton. And about the same time Thomas and Joseph Johnson started making good salt glaze just opposite Lane End church.[117] In this manner potting spread to the Longton end of the Potteries. In 1756 there are said to have only been 100 houses in Longton and Lane End, and even by 1773 an old estate map of the Heathcotes’ shows but 180 houses, or a population of less than 1,000. As early as 1770 we obtain a familiar glimpse of the working of the factory system. Some of the master-potters in that year tried, for the first time on record, to form a ring to keep up prices. The bond runs as follows: “We whose hands are hereunto subscribed do bind ourselves ... in £50 ... not to sell ... under the within specified prices, as witness our hands: John Platt, John Lowe, John Taylor, John Cobb, Robt. Bucknall, John Daniel, Thos. Daniel jun., Richd. Adams, Saml. Chatterley, Thos. Lowe, John Allen, Wm. Parrott, Jacob Warburton, Warburton and Stone, Jos. Smith, Joshua Heath, John Bourn, Jos. Stephens, Wm. Smith, Jos. Simpson, John Weatherby, J. and Rd. Mare, Nic. Pool, John Yates, Chas. Hassells, Ann Warburton and son, Thos. Warburton, Wm. Meir.” A list of prices for dishes, tureens, saucers, etc., is given; and manufacturers of the present day will be interested to see the first attempt at checking those “rebates” which have successfully broken down this and all subsequent attempts to keep prices artificially high. “To allow no more than 5 per cent for breakage, and 5 per cent for ready money.” Then follows a sentence which misled Shaw and made him think that these potters made salt-glaze stoneware: “To sell to the manufacturers of earthenware at the above prices, and to allow no more than 7½ per cent, beside discount for breakage and prompt payment.”[118] It was the custom of many, particularly the larger manufacturers, to buy ware from other makers, either to decorate, or, more usually, to complete orders in lines which they did not happen to have in hand; (orders were far more all-embracing in those days). Thus we find William Greatbach starting a works at Lower