Studies in the History and Method of Science, vol. 1 (of 2)
Religion
Studies in the History and Method of Science, vol. 1 (of 2)
Medicine -- History; Science -- History
‘Behold, I saw upon earth men carrying milk in earthen vessels
and making cheeses therefrom. Some was of the thick kind from
which firm cheese is made, some of the thinner sort from which
more porous [_tenuis_] cheese is made, and some was mixed with
corruption [_tabes_] and of the sort from which bitter cheese is
made. And I saw the likeness of a woman having a complete human
form within her womb. And then, by a secret disposition of the
Most High Craftsman, a fiery sphere having none of the lineaments
of a human body possessed the heart of the form, and reached the
brain and transfused itself through all the members.... And I saw
that many circling eddies possessed the sphere and brought it
earthward, but with ever renewed force it returned upward and with
wailing asked, “I, wanderer that I am, where am I?” “In death’s
shadow.” “And where go I?” “In the way of sinners.” “And what is my
hope?” “That of all wanderers.”’[108] The vision is explained as
follows: ‘Those whom thou seest carrying milk in earthen vessels
are in the world, men and women alike, having in their bodies the
seed of mankind from which are procreated the various kinds of
human beings. Part is thickened because the seed in its strength
is well and truly concocted, and this produces forceful men to
whom are allotted gifts both spiritual and carnal.... And some
had cheeses less firmly curdled, for they in their feebleness
have seed imperfectly tempered, and they raise offspring mostly
stupid, feeble, and useless.... And some was mixed with corruption
... for the seed in that brew cannot be rightly raised, it is
invalid and makes misshapen men who are bitter, distressed, and
oppressed of heart, so that they may not lift their gaze to higher
things....[109] And often in forgetfulness of God and by the
mocking devil, a _mistio_ is made of the man and of the woman and
the thing born therefrom is deformed, for parents who have sinned
against me return to me crucified in their children.’[110] (Compare
Constantine _De humana natura_, sections ‘De perfectione’ and ‘De
impeditione’.)
Hildegard thus supposes that the qualities and form of a child are
inherited from its parents, but that two factors, the formless soul
from the Almighty and the corrupt fluid instilled by the devil, also
contribute to the character of offspring. This is the usual mediaeval
view and is broadly portrayed in the figure.
The strange conception of the body being formed from the seed, as
cheese is precipitated and curdled from milk, is doubtless derived from
a passage in the Book of Job:
‘Hast thou not poured me out as milk,
And curdled me like cheese?
Thou hast clothed me with skin and flesh,
And knit me together with bones and sinews’ (Job x. 10, 11).[111]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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