Syndicalism in FranceLorwin, Lewis L. (Lewis Levitzki)
History
Syndicalism in France
Lorwin, Lewis L. (Lewis Levitzki)
Labor unions -- France -- History; Syndicalism -- France
_Year_ _Number of syndicats_ _Membership_
1884 68
1885 221
1886 280
1887 501
1888 725
1889 821
1890 1,006 139,692
1891 1,250 205,152
1892 1,589 288,770
1893 1,926 402,125
1894 2,178 403,440
Of these, 1,662 syndicats were represented at the Congress of Nantes.
This fact shows how keen was the interest felt in the idea of the
general strike which, it was known, was to be the main question at the
Congress.
The Congress of Nantes adopted a motion in favor of the general strike,
appointed a "Committee for the propaganda of the general strike" and
authorized this committee to collect 10 per cent of all subscriptions
for strikes. The Guesdist delegates after this vote left the Congress
and held a separate Congress by themselves.
The majority of the delegates remained and voted the creation of a
"National Council" which should form the central organization of all the
syndicats of France.
The "National Council" functioned unsatisfactorily. At the next general
Congress in Limoges (1895) the "National Council" was abolished and the
foundations of a new organization were laid. This new organization was
the "General Confederation of Labor".
The workingman had come to recognize that political divisions were
disastrous to the growth of the syndicats. The elimination of politics
from the syndicats was, therefore, adopted at Limoges as a condition of
admission to the "General Confederation". The first article of the
Statutes read:
Among the various syndicats and associations of syndicats of
workingmen and of employees of both sexes existing in France and in
its Colonies, there is hereby created a uniform and collective
organization with the name General Confederation of Labor.
The elements constituting the General Confederation of Labor will
remain independent of all political schools (_en dehors de toute
école politique_).
The aim of the Confederation was evidently formulated to satisfy all
conceptions. Its vague wording was as follows: "The General
Confederation of Labor has the exclusive purpose of uniting the
workingmen, in the economic domain and by bonds of close solidarity, in
the struggle for their integral emancipation."[83]
[83] Seilhac, _Les Congrès Ouvriers_, p. 286.
The "General Confederation of Labor" incorporated the general strike as
part of its program.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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