The Aboriginal Population of Alameda and Contra Costa Counties, CaliforniaCook, Sherburne Friend
History
The Aboriginal Population of Alameda and Contra Costa Counties, California
Cook, Sherburne Friend
Indians of North America -- California; Indians of North America -- Statistics
With the Viader and Abella diaries the formal documentary descriptions
of Costanoan people and territory east of San Francisco come to an end.
Nevertheless, there are certain other sources which convey information
of use to the ethnographer. These are, first, some of the accounts left
by travelers, particularly those by Chamisso and Choris in 1816
(translated by A. C. Mahr, 1932); second, the vocabularies and
discussion of linguistics written by Fray Felipe Arroyo de la Cuesta
(1837); third, the transcripts of the Mission baptism books made by
Pinart (no date); forth, the accumulated habitation site records of the
California Archaeological Survey. These sources will be used here for
further examination of the location of the aboriginal groups concerned
and their population.
LOCATION
The subordinate divisions of the natives inhabiting Alameda and Contra
Costa counties can probably be allocated to five primary geographical
areas. Some of these can be associated with reasonably well recognized
names; some cannot. They may be briefly considered.
_Area 1. The Alameda._--From Milpitas north to approximately Richmond,
and west of the hills, the early expeditions (Fages, Anza) found
numerous rancherias, as previously mentioned. The Sal-Danti party in
1795, covering the southern half of this area thoroughly, found almost
no native inhabitants. An originally fair-sized population therefore
must have been dispersed nearly completely in twenty years.
No general, regional name was ever applied to these Indians, but a few
individual rancheria names have been preserved. These are all designated
in the San Francisco Baptism Book as lying on the "otra banda del
estero" (or some similar expression):
1778: paraje Halchis
1779: paraje Chapugtac
paraje Tupucantche
1780: rancheria Genau (or Chynau)
rancheria Tupine
1780: rancheria Itenau
rancheria Tumiamac
1781: rancheria Torqui
1782: rancheria Putnatac
rancheria Ocquizara
rancheria Tacomui
1784: rancheria Ssichitca
araje Cosopo
1786: rancheria Ilorocrochay
paraje Guet
These records show, first, that from 1778 to 1786 the missionaries from
San Francisco recognized fifteen inhabited places along the southeast
shore of the Bay. Second, it is very clear that active search for
converts was proceeding during these eight years Finally, the field must
have been substantially exhausted because none of the fifteen localities
are noted after 1786.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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