The accomplishment ratio : $b A treatment of the inherited determinants of disparity in school productFranzen, Raymond
Science
The accomplishment ratio : $b A treatment of the inherited determinants of disparity in school product
Franzen, Raymond
Ability -- Testing; Educational psychology; Educational tests and measurements
Then the ratio of achievement to intelligence is in definite relation
to intelligence—a negative relation. It is this same tendency to adapt
our education to a low level which has prevented a perfect association
between intelligence and the various subjects. The relation of one
subject to another, irrespective of intelligence, would be zero if there
were no other factors except intelligence responsible for the product.
After two years of such attempts as an ordinary public school will
allow, we have removed many of the causes of disparity and increased
the association between potential progress and progress in arithmetic,
reading and language. The correlations, correspondence of S.D.’s, and
Σ(IQ-EQ)⁄_n_ registered in Tables 9, 10, and 11 give evidence of this
as does also the increase in the AccR, an average of the Arithmetic,
Reading, Vocabulary and Completion Ratios. (Table 13.)
Are the unremoved causes other than intelligence unremovable? These
causes might be, besides the unreliability of tests and the common
elements in the tests, the specialized inheritance we have considered,
ethical qualities of endurance, ambition, initiative and industry or a
general factor. The correlations between Arithmetic Ratios and Reading
Ratios and the other intercorrelations of Subject Ratios will yield us
an index of how much of this remaining disparity is due to specialized
inheritance. These intercorrelations for all years are embodied in Table
13. The partial correlations of quotients when intelligence is rendered
constant will be found in Table 6. These intercorrelations, and the
partials as well, give an indication of some general factor other than
intelligence since the _r_’s irrespective of intelligence are uniform and
all are positive. Only the correlation of arithmetic with vocabulary,
intelligence being rendered constant, goes to zero. Though this might be
due in part to common elements in the tests, it is more likely that there
is another factor in operation. Inheritance of specific abilities could
not have this uniform effect on the correlations.
These correlations all being positive and the _r_’s being very uniform,
both correlation of ratios and the partials, makes the interpretation of
specialized inheritance of ability extremely unlikely. The correlation
of Arithmetic Ratios with Reading Ratios is higher in 1920 than that of
Vocabulary Ratios with Reading Ratios. It leaves the possibility that
the unremoved factors are inherited ethical differences or that they
are a “general educational factor.” The negative correlation of AccR
with intelligence, however, being as high as these positive remnants of
interrelation, would tend to make more probable an interpretation of this
as a remnant of disparity, intelligence accounted for, which is entirely
due to the organization of our schools.
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