18. There was a celebrated General, the Duke of Marlborough, who won some famous battles in Germany in the reign of queen Anne; and there was a brave Admiral, Sir George Rooke, who took the fortress of Gibraltar, which was a conquest of some importance to England, because it stands at the entrance of the Mediterranean sea, and may be said to command the passage taken by ships trading to the Grecian islands, Egypt, Turkey, &c. Queen Anne died in the year 1714, having reigned twelve years. QUESTIONS. 1. What was meant by the Revolution? 2. What were the changes made in the government? 4. How was the duration of parliaments settled? 5. What was the Bill of Rights? 7. What was the battle of the Boyne? 8. Who was the wife of William the Third? 10. When was the Bank of England established, and why? 11. What was the object of the wars, and how long did they last? 16. What union was effected at this time? 17. When did it take place? 18. When did queen Anne die? CHAPTER XVII. HOUSE OF HANOVER.--1714 TO 1830. [Illustration: DEATH OF GENERAL WOLFE.] 1. When queen Anne died, the crown of England went to a German prince, named George, the elector or sovereign of Hanover, whose mother was grand-daughter of James the First. 2. He was rather advanced in age, and being a stranger to the manners of the people, and to the language and laws of the country, was not likely to become a popular monarch; yet it was thought better that he should succeed to the throne, than to let the son of James II., who was now about six-and-twenty, be king of Great Britain. 3. But there were a great many people in Scotland who wished to see the family of their ancient kings restored, and some of the great men, there, raised an army, and invited prince James Stuart, who is usually called the Pretender, to place himself at the head of it, and go to war with George the First. 4. The Pretender went to Scotland, and two battles were fought, one near Dumblane, and the other near Preston, in Lancashire; but the English troops gained the victory at both places, and the prince was glad to get back to France again. 5. A great many English had joined in this rebellion, for, as I said before, the new king was not very generally liked; and it was mostly the English party that fought for the Pretender at Preston, and, I am sorry to say, all who were made prisoners were very cruelly treated. The leaders were put to death, and those who had fought under their command, were mostly sent to America, and sold for slaves. 6. You remember how the American colonies were first settled. Well, they had now become large populous places, and cities had been built there; but the people were cultivators, and had no manufactures of any kind, for they were obliged to have all they wanted of manufactured goods, either for clothing, or any other purpose, from England, which was a great advantage to this country, by furnishing employment for English manufactures.