{ _Annelida_ (Earth-worms, Leeches, &c.) { _Enteropneusta_ (Balanoglossus) { _Bryozoa_ (Sea-mat, &c.) { _Nematoidea_ (Thread-worms) (5) VERMES { _Trematoda_ (Flukes, &c.) { _Turbellaria_ (Planariæ, &c.) { _Cestoidea_ (Tape-worms) { _Rotifera_ (Wheel-animalcules) { _Gasterotricha_ { _Gephyrea_ (Sipunculus, &c.) (6) ECHINODERMA (Star-fishes, &c.) { _Ctenophora_ (Beröe, &c.) (7) COELENTERA { _Actinozoa_ (Coral animals) { _Hydrozoa_ (Jelly-fishes, &c.) (8) SPONGIDA (Sponges) { _Infusoria_ (Animalcules with mouths) (9) HYPOZOA { _Gregarinida_ { _Rhizopoda_ (Foraminifers, Radiolarians, Flagellata, &c.) PLANTS. { _Algæ_ (Sea-weeds, Confervæ, &c.) { _Fungi_ { _Lichenes_ (1) CRYPTOGAMIA { _Hepaticæ_ (Liverworts and Scale-mosses) (Flowerless { _Characeæ_ (Nitella, &c.) Plants) { _Musci_ (Mosses) { _Marsiliaceæ_ (Pepperworts) { _Equisetaceæ_ (Horsetails) { _Filices_ (Ferns) (2) PHANEROGAMIA { A. _Gymnosperms_ (Firs, Yews, Cycads, &c.) (Flowering { { _Monocotyledones_ (Grasses, Palms, Lilies, Plants) { B. _Angiosperms_ { Orchids, &c.) { { _Dicotyledones_ (the great mass of Flowering { { Plants and Trees). ST. GEORGE MIVART. FOOTNOTES: [4] CONTEMPORARY REVIEW, May, 1879, p. 261. [5] _L. c._ p. 262. [6] "A classification of any large portion of the field of Nature, in conformity to the foregoing principles, has hitherto been found practicable only in one great instance, that of animals."--_Logic_, third edition, 1851, vol. i., chap. viii. § 5, page 279. [7] CONTEMPORARY REVIEW, July, 1879, pp. 716 and 717. [8] _L. c._ p. 717. [9] CONTEMPORARY REVIEW, July, 1879: "What are Living Beings?" [10] Very small deer, commonly called in error musk-deer. [11] The European beavers have abandoned the dam-building habit. They retained it, however, as late as the thirteenth century. [12] By the Author in a Paper read before the Zoological Society in Nov. 1864. See also his "Man and Apes," Hardwicke, 1873; and the article "Ape" in the "Encyclopædia Britannica," vol. ii. p. 148. [13] "Histoire Naturelle," tome xiv. p. 61, 1766. [14] For an explanation of the zoological system of nomenclature which has been adopted since the time of Linnæus, see CONTEMPORARY REVIEW for May, page 262. [15] See ante, p. 14. [16] See CONTEMPORARY REVIEW for July, p. 710. [17] See CONTEMPORARY REVIEW, July, p. 710. [18] For a summary of our knowledge respecting this group, see the "Linnean Society's Journal," Vol. xiv. (Zoology), p. 136.