In Saxon there is of course no such an adjectival form. _There_ the
Possessives of the Third Person correspond not with the Latin _suus_,
_sua_, _suum_; but with the Latin _ejus_ and _eorum_. The English words
_his_ and _her_ are _genitive_ cases, not _adjectives_.
Further remarks upon the presence of the Reflective Pronoun _sik_ in
Icelandic, and its absence in Saxon, will appear in the sequel.
THE NUMERALS.
_Saxon._ _Icelandic._
1. ['A]n Eitt, einn, ein.
2. Tw['a] Tvoe, tveir.
3. Thre['o] Thrju, thrir.
4. Feower Fjoegur, fj['o]rir.
5. F['i]f Fimm.
6. Six Sex.
7. Seofon Sjoe.
8. Eahta ['A]tta.
9. Nigon Niu.
10. Tyn Tiu.
Of the Icelandic verbs the infinitives end in _-a_; as _kalla_, to call;
_elska_, to love; whereas the Saxon termination is _-an_; as _lufian_, to
love; _wyrcan_, to work. {44}
s. 88. The persons are as follows:--
_Saxon._ _Icelandic._
_Pres. Sing._ 1. Baerne Brenni.
2. Baernst Brennir.
3. Baerndh Brennir.
_Plur._ 1. Baernadh Brennum.
2. Baernadh Brennidh.
3. Baernadh Brenna.
s. 89. The characteristic, however, of the Icelandic (indeed, of all the
Scandinavian languages) is the possession of a _passive_ form, or a
_passive_ voice, ending in _-st_:--_Ek_, _thu_, _hann brennist_=_I_,
_thou_, _he is burnt_; _Ver brennumst_=_We are burnt_; _th['e]r
brennizt_=_ye are burnt_; _their brennast_=_they are burnt_. Past tense,
_Ek_, _thu_, _hann brendist_; _ver brendumst_, _th['e]r brenduzt_, _their
brendust_. Imperat.: _brenstu_=_be thou burnt_. Infinit.: _brennast_=_to be
burnt_.
In the modern Danish and Swedish, the passive is still preserved, but
without the final _t_. In the _older_ stages of Icelandic, on the other
hand, the termination was not _-st_ but _-sc_; which _-sc_ grew out of the
reflective pronoun _sik_. With these phenomena the Scandinavian languages
give us the evolution and development of a passive voice; wherein we have
the following series of changes:--1st. the reflective pronoun coalesces
with the verb, whilst the sense changes from that of a reflective to that
of a middle verb; 2nd. the _c_ changes to _t_, whilst the middle sense
passes into a passive one; 3rd. _t_ is dropped from the end of the word,
and the expression that was once reflective then becomes strictly passive.
Now the Saxons have no passive voice at all. That they should have one
_originating_ like that of the Scandinavians was impossible. Having no
reflective pronoun, they had nothing to evolve it from.
_The Auxiliary Verb._
_Saxon._ _Icelandic._
_Indicative. Present._
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