Also he gives ½ bushel of corn as '_bensed_' in winter-time. Also 10 bushels of oats at Martinmas as '_fodderkorn_.' Also 7d. as '_loksilver_,' that is for 2d. a loaf, and 5 hens. Also 1d. on Ash-Wednesday, as '_fispeni_' (fishpenny). Also 20 eggs at Easter. Also 10 eggs on St. Botolph's Day (June 17). Also in Easter week 2d. towards digging the vineyard. Also in Pentecost week 1d. towards upholding the mill-dam (_stagnum_) of Newetone. If he sell a bull calf he shall give the lord abbot 4d., and this according to custom. He gives '_merchetum_' and '_herietum_,' and is tallaged at Michaelmas according to the will of the said abbot. He gives 2d. as '_sumewode silver_' at Christmas. _Of a Cotarius._[40] A. B. holds 1 acre at 12d., and works 4 days in autumn with one man. He is tallaged '_quando Rex talliat burgos suos._' He gives '_garshaves_' each year for pigs killed and sold, viz. for a pig a year old, ½d. And when there is pannage in the wood he gives for pig of a year old, 1d. And if he keeps his pigs alive beyond a year, he gives nothing. * * * * * CAMBRIDGESHIRE _Of a Villanus holding ½ Virgate of 15 acres._[41] A. B. holds a ½ virgate of customable land containing 15 acres, and does 3 days' work each week throughout the year, and 3 precariæ, with meals found by the lord, and gives at Martinmas 1d., and a hen at Christmas, and 8 eggs at Easter; and the same works and customs if '_ad firmam_' are valued at 9s. per annum. (20 others each hold 15 acres with like services.) _Of a Cotarius._[42] A. B. is a cotarius, and holds 1 cottage and 1 acre, for which he gives-- 1 day's work on Monday in every week unless a festival prevents him. 1 hen at Christmas 5 eggs at Easter. VI. DESCRIPTION IN FLETA OF A MANOR IN THE TIME OF EDWARD I. «Landlords view of a manor.» Contemporary in date with the Hundred Rolls is the anonymous work bearing the title of '_Fleta_,' which may be described as the _vade mecum_ of the landlords of the time of Edward I. It was designed to put them in possession of necessary legal knowledge; and mixed up with this are practical directions regarding the management of their estates. The writer advises landlords on taking possession of their manors to have a survey made of their property, so that they may know the extent of their rights and income. If in the Hundred Rolls we have photographic details of hundreds of individual manors surveyed [p046] for purposes of royal taxation, so here is a picture of an ordinary or typical manor--a generalisation of the ordinary features of a manor--drawn by a contemporary hand, and regarding all things from a landlord's point of view. The manor as described in Fleta is a territorial unit, with its own courts and local customs known only on the spot. Therefore the extent is to be taken upon the testimony of 'faithful and sworn tenants of the lord.' And inquiry is to be made[43]--