We are prepared for even minuter detail; the paganism will be Nat-worship; the Indian creed Buddhism: the alphabet also, where the language is written, will be Indian also. In Captain Tower's vocabulary,[26] only seven words out of fifty differ between the Burmese of Arakhan, and the Burmese of Ava; and some of these are mere differences of pronunciation. The language itself is called _Rukheng_ by those who use it; but the Bengali name is _Mug_. This applies to the Indianized part of the population, the analogues of the Avans and Siamese of Tenasserim, and of the Môn of Maulmein. What are the Arakhan equivalents to the Karien? _The Khyen._--These inhabit the Yuma mountains between Arakhan and Ava. A full notice of them is given by Lieutenant Trant, in the sixteenth volume of the "Asiatic Researches." But as they are chiefly independent tribes, it is enough to state that they form the Anglo-Burmese frontier. It is also added that there are numerous Khyen slaves in Arakhan. Farther notice of them is the less important, because a closely allied population will occur amongst the hill-tribes of-- _Chittagong._--Hindú elements now increase. Even in Arakhan, Buddhism had ceased to be the only creed of western origin. There were Mahometans who spoke a mixed dialect called the _Ruinga_;[27] and Brahminical Hindús who spoke another called the _Rosawn_. In Chittagong, then, we must look about us for the aborigines; so intrusive have become the Hindú elements. Intrusive, however, they are, and intrusive they will be for some time to come. The foot of the hill, and the hill itself, are important points of difference in Indian ethnology. On the _lower_ ranges of the mountains on the north-east of Chittagong are the _Khumia_ (_Choomeeas_) or _villagers_; _khum_ (_choom_) meaning _village_. These are definitely distinguished from the Hindús, by a flat nose, small eye, and broad round face, in other words by Mongolian characteristics in the way of physiognomy. But the _Khumia_ are less perfect samples of their class than the true mountaineers. These are the _Kuki_,[28]--hunters and warriors, divided into tribes, each under elective chiefs, themselves subordinate to a hereditary _Raja_,--at least such is the Hindú phraseology. Their creed consists in the belief of _Khogein Pootteeang_ as a superior, and _Sheem Sauk_ as an inferior deity; the destruction of numerous enemies being the best recommendation to their favour. A wooden figure, of human shape, represents the latter. The skulls of their enemies they keep as trophies. In the month of January there is a solemn festival. Language and tradition alike tell us that the Kuki (and most likely the Khumia as well) are unmodified Mugs. The displacement of their family has been twofold--first by Hindús, secondly by Buddhist (or modified) Mugs at the time of the Burmese conquest. The Kuki population extends to the wilder parts of the district of _Tippera_.