6 Arise, Jehovah, in Thine anger; Lift up Thyself against the ragings of my adversaries, And awake for me: judgment Thou hast appointed. 7 And let a gathering of peoples stand round Thee, And above it sit Thou on high. 8 Jehovah will judge the peoples; Do me right, Jehovah, according to my righteousness and according to my innocence [that is] upon me. 9 Let the evil of the wicked come to an end, and establish Thou the righteous, For a Trier of hearts and reins is God the righteous. 10 My shield is upon God, The Saviour of the upright-hearted. 11 God is a righteous Judge, And a God who is angry every day. 12 If [a man] turn not, He will sharpen His sword; His bow He has bent, and made it ready. 13 And at him He has aimed deadly weapons; His arrows He will kindle into flaming darts. 14 See! he is in labour with wickedness; Yea, he is pregnant with mischief, and gives birth to a lie. 15 A pit has he sunk, and dug it out; And he will fall into the hole he is making. 16 His mischief shall come back on his own head, And upon his own skull shall his violence come down. 17 I will thank Jehovah according to His righteousness, And sing with the harp to the name of Jehovah most high. This is the only psalm with the title "Shiggaion." The word occurs only here and in Hab. iii. 1, where it stands in the plural, and with the preposition "upon," as if it designated instruments. The meaning is unknown, and commentators, who do not like to say so, have much ado to find one. The root is a verb, "to wander," and the explanation is common that the word describes the disconnected character of the psalm, which is full of swiftly succeeding emotions rather than of sequent thoughts. But there is no such exceptional discontinuity as to explain the title. It may refer to the character of the musical accompaniment rather than to that of the words. The authorities are all at sea, the LXX. shirking the difficulty by rendering "psalm," others giving "error" or "ignorance," with allusion to David's repentance after cutting off Saul's skirt or to Saul's repentance of his persecuting David. The later Jewish writers quoted by Neubauer ("Studia Biblic.," ii. 36, _sq._) guess at most various meanings, such as "love and pleasure," "occupation with music," "affliction," "humility," while others, again, explain it as the name of a musical instrument. Clearly the antiquity of the title is proved by this unintelligibility. If we turn to the other part of it, we find further evidence of age and of independence. Who was "Cush, a Benjamite"? He is not mentioned elsewhere. The author of the title, then, had access to some sources for David's life other than the Biblical records; and, as Hupfeld acknowledges, we have here evidence of ancient ascription of authorship which "has more weight than most of the others." Cush