The Golden Bough: A Study in Magic and Religion (Third Edition, Vol. 08 of 12)Frazer, James George
Religion
The Golden Bough: A Study in Magic and Religion (Third Edition, Vol. 08 of 12)
Frazer, James George
Magic; Mythology; Religion; Superstition
(M39) In these examples the corn-spirit is represented and eaten in human
shape. In other cases, though the new corn is not baked in loaves of human
shape, still the solemn ceremonies with which it is eaten suffice to
indicate that it is partaken of sacramentally, that is, as the body of the
corn-spirit. For example, the following ceremonies used to be observed by
Lithuanian peasants at eating the new corn. About the time of the autumn
sowing, when all the corn had been got in and the threshing had begun,
each farmer held a festival called Sabarios, that is, “the mixing or
throwing together.” He took nine good handfuls of each kind of crop—wheat,
barley, oats, flax, beans, lentils, and the rest; and each handful he
divided into three parts. The twenty-seven portions of each grain were
then thrown on a heap and all mixed up together. The grain used had to be
that which was first threshed and winnowed and which had been set aside
and kept for this purpose. A part of the grain thus mixed was employed to
bake little loaves, one for each of the household; the rest was mixed with
more barley or oats and made into beer. The first beer brewed from this
mixture was for the drinking of the farmer, his wife, and children; the
second brew was for the servants. The beer being ready, the farmer chose
an evening when no stranger was expected. Then he knelt down before the
barrel of beer, drew a jugful of the liquor and poured it on the bung of
the barrel, saying, “O fruitful earth, make rye and barley and all kinds
of corn to flourish.” Next he took the jug to the parlour, where his wife
and children awaited him. On the floor of the parlour lay bound a black or
white or speckled (not a red) cock and a hen of the same colour and of the
same brood, which must have been hatched within the year. Then the farmer
knelt down, with the jug in his hand, and thanked God for the harvest and
prayed for a good crop next year. Next all lifted up their hands and said,
“O God, and thou, O earth, we give you this cock and hen as a free-will
offering.” With that the farmer killed the fowls with the blows of a
wooden spoon, for he might not cut their heads off. After the first prayer
and after killing each of the birds he poured out a third of the beer.
Then his wife boiled the fowls in a new pot which had never been used
before. After that, a bushel was set, bottom upwards, on the floor, and on
it were placed the little loaves mentioned above and the boiled fowls.
Next the new beer was fetched, together with a ladle and three mugs, none
of which was used except on this occasion. When the farmer had ladled the
beer into the mugs, the family knelt down round the bushel. The father
then uttered a prayer and drank off the three mugs of beer. The rest
followed his example. Then the loaves and the flesh of the fowls were
eaten, after which the beer went round again, till every one had emptied
each of the three mugs nine times. None of the food should remain over;
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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