1361 The Ottoman Turks under Murad I take Hadrianopolis. This seals the fate of the Greek Empire. 1363 The Ottomans take Philippopolis and Serres. Defeat of Louis of Hungary. 1369-1370 Joannes visits Rome to obtain help for his falling empire, but is unsuccessful. On way home is arrested for debt in Venice and released with money raised by his son, Manuel. 1375 Andronicus, Joannes’ eldest son, conspires against him while the emperor is absent on a visit to Murad. He is aided by Saugdi, eldest son of Murad. Murad hastens to Europe and quells rebellion. Both Andronicus and Saugdi have their eyes put out. 1377 Andronicus escapes from prison, imprisons his father, and confers title on his own son. 1381 Joannes rescued by Venetians under Carlo Zeno. Concludes treaty with Andronicus, recognising his and his son’s rights to the title. Treaty with Murad in which Joannes acknowledges himself the vassal of the Ottoman Empire. 1384 Manuel, second son of Joannes, proclaimed emperor and crowned. 1389 Battle of Kossova. Great Ottoman victory over the Servians. Assassination of Murad. Bajazet succeeds, renews treaty with Joannes, and puts Manuel at head of Greek troops in Ottoman army. 1390 Ottomans capture Philadelphia the last independent Greek community in Asia Minor. 1391 Death of Joannes. =Manuel (II) Palæologus= sole emperor. He hastens to Constantinople, fearing his brother will seize the crown. 1396 Great victory of Bajazet at Nicopolis. He now determines to proceed against Constantinople. Manuel visits France for help. 1398 Marshal Boucicault arrives at Constantinople with his fleet. The Tatar conqueror, Timur, distracts Bajazet’s attention from the empire. 1399 Joannes of Selymbria, son of Andronicus, enters Constantinople and is proclaimed emperor. Manuel visits European courts for help. 1402 Manuel returns home, his mission unsuccessful. Battle of Angora. Crushing defeat of Bajazet by Timur. 1403 Treaty of Suleiman and Manuel, the former yielding up territory in Macedonia and Thessaly. 1410 Musa, Suleiman’s brother, after the latter’s death, reconquers territory ceded by Suleiman to Manuel. 1412 Musa begins a feeble siege of Constantinople, but is soon distracted by civil troubles. 1413-1421 During reign of Muhammed I, the Greek Empire enjoys uninterrupted peace. Manuel employs time in reorganising administration and consolidating his power. 1419 Manuel makes his son, =Joannes (VII) Palæologus=, co-emperor. 1422 Murad II besieges Constantinople to punish Manuel for his intrigues. He is obliged to raise siege in order to proceed against his brother, Mustapha.