[72] Hammond, _ut supra._ [73] _Calendar of State Papers_, Colonial, 1661-1668, p. 119. [74] _Calendar of State Papers_, Colonial, 1697-1698, p. 246. [75] _Letters_, vol. i. p. 135. [76] _Hakluyt's voyages_ (edit. 1904), vol. ix. p. 17. [77] Saunders, editor of _Colonial Records of North Carolina_, p. 99. [78] _Ibid._, p. 100. [79] _Calendar of State Papers_, Colonial, 1669-1674, p. 186. [80] _Calendar of State Papers_, Colonial, 1669-1674, p. 187. [81] _Ibid._, p. 297. [82] Doyle, _Cambridge Modern History_ (1905), vol. vii. p. 35. [83] Fortescue, _Calendar of State Papers_, Colonial, 1677-1680, p. ix. [84] _Ibid._, p. ix. [85] _Calendar of State Papers_, Colonial, 1669-1674, p. 620. [86] _Ibid._, p. 130. [87] _Calendar of State Papers_, Colonial, 1669-1674, p. 137. [88] _Ibid._, p. 187. [89] _Ibid._, p. 169. [90] _Ibid._, p. 70. [91] _Ibid._, p. 86. [92] _Calendar of State Papers_, Colonial, 1677-1680, p. 455. [93] _Ibid._, p. xi. [94] _Historical Collections of South Carolina_ (New York, 1836). CHAPTER IV THE PURITANS IN PLYMOUTH AND MASSACHUSETTS It has been customary to regard the members of the colony of Virginia as Cavaliers of the most ardent type, but, as has been shown, this is scarcely correct, and amongst the Virginians there were many who did not approve of either the actions of Laud or the dissimulation of Charles. In much the same way it would be erroneous to ascribe to the New England group a plebeian origin. The Virginian gentleman found his counterpart in the New England colonies of Plymouth and Massachusetts. It is, however, more true to describe these two colonies as the offspring and embodiment of Puritanism, than to describe Virginia as purely monarchical. In the northern colonies, congregationalism was the chief form of religious worship, and this, as was natural, determined their political form; it was no insurmountable step from a belief in congregations to a belief in republics. The men who found this step so easy were a very different pattern to the early ne'er-do-wells of Virginian colonisation. The northern colonies were founded by the yeoman and the trader, both of whom were patient, watchful, and ready to assert with an Englishman's doggedness all political rights. These men formed small organic communities filled with the very strongest sense of corporate life. Not that these forms took an absolutely exact line, for in some cases the community was a pure democracy with limitations and restrictions; in others there was a very wide and modified oligarchy. The men were the very best of settlers; they knew what they wanted, and were ready to work and even sacrifice their lives to gain that object. It is not surprising that in the New England colonies prosperity raised its head long before it had come to Virginia, though the soil of the latter was far more fertile than the sterile lands of the northern group.