Iroquois Indians; Mohawk language -- Texts; Onondaga language -- Texts
The tradition runs that when the political frame of their confederacy
had been arranged by the members of this convention, and the number of
senators who should represent each nation in the federal council had
been determined, the six delegates, with Hiawatha and some other
advisers, went through all the nations, selecting--doubtless with the
aid of a national council in each case--the chiefs who were to
constitute the first council. In designating these,--or rather,
probably, in the ceremonies of their installation,--it is said that some
peculiar prerogative was conceded to the Onondagas,--that is, to
Atotarho and his attendant chiefs. It was probably given as a mark of
respect, rather than as conferring any real authority; but from this
circumstance the Onondagas were afterwards known in the council by the
title of "the nominators." The word is, in the Canienga dialect,
_Rotisennakehte_,--in Onondaga, _Hotisennakehte_. It means literally,
"the name-carriers,"--as if, said one of my informants, they bore a
parcel of names in a bag slung upon the back.
Each of the other nations had also its peculiar name in the Council,
distinct from the mere local designation by which it was commonly
called. Thus the Caniengas had for their "Council name" the term
_Tehadirihoken_. This is the plural form of the name of their leading
chief, Tekarihoken. Opinions differ much among the Indians as to the
meaning of this name. Cusick, the Tuscarora historian, defines it "a
speech divided," and apparently refers it to the division of the
Iroquois language into dialects. Chief George Johnson, the interpreter,
rendered it "two statements together," or "two pieces of news together."
Another native informant thought it meant "one word in two divisions,"
while a third defined it as meaning "between two words." The root-word
of the name is the Canienga _orihwa_, or _karihwa_, (properly
_karihoa_), which is defined "thing, affair, speech, news." [Footnote:
See Bruyas, _sub voce Gorihoa_. Mr. Morgan (_League of the Iroquois_, p.
97), who derived his information from the Senecas, says that the name
"was a term of respect, and signifies 'neutral,' or, as it may be
rendered, the shield." He adds, "its origin is lost in obscurity."] It
also apparently means office; thus we have the derivatives _garihont_,
"to give some charge of duty to some one," and _atrihont_, "to be an
officer, or captain." The name is in the peculiar dual or rather
duplicative form which is indicated by the prefix _te_ and the affix
_ken_ or _ke_. It may possibly, therefore, mean "holding two offices,"
and would thus be specially applicable to the great Canienga noble, who,
unlike most of his order, was both a civil ruler and a war-chief. But
whether he gave his name to his people, or received it from them, is
uncertain. In other instances the Council name of a nation appears to
have been applied in the singular number to the leading chief of the
nation.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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