The Kabbalah: its doctrines, development, and literatureGinsburg, Christian D. (Christian David)
Religion
The Kabbalah: its doctrines, development, and literature
Ginsburg, Christian D. (Christian David)
Cabala
These mystical treatises constitute the centre around which cluster all
the productions of this school, which gradually came into existence in
the course of time. So numerous became the disciples of mysticism in
the twelfth century, and so general became the belief in their power of
performing miraculous cures, driving out evil spirits, &c., &c., by
virtue of charms consisting of the letters composing the divers divine
names transposed and commuted in mystical forms, that the celebrated
Maimonides found it necessary to denounce the system. “We have one
divine name only,” says he, “which is not derived from His attributes,
viz., the Tetragrammaton, for which reason it is called Shem
Ha-Mephorash (שם המפורש). Believe nothing else, and give no credence
to the nonsense of the writers of charms and amulets (כותבי הקמיעות),
to what they tell you or to what you find in their foolish writings
about the divine names, which they invent without any sense, calling
them appellations of the Deity (שמות), and affirming that they
require holiness and purity and perform miracles. All these things are
fables: a sensible man will not listen to them, much less believe in
them.” (More Nebuchim, i, 61.)
But this mysticism, with its thaumaturgy, though espoused by later
Kabbalists and incorporated into their writings, is perfectly distinct
from the Kabbalah in its first and pure form, and is to be
distinguished by the fact that it has no system, knows nothing of the
speculations of the En Soph, the ten Sephiroth, the doctrine of
emanations, and the four worlds, which are the essential and peculiar
elements of the Kabbalah. As to Franck’s ingenious hypothesis, based
upon the same number of letters constituting a divine name, mentioned
in the Talmud, and the ten Sephiroth, we can only say that the
Kabbalists themselves never claimed this far-fetched identity, and that
Ignatz Stern has shown (Ben Chananja, iii, p. 261), that the Sohar
itself takes the ten divine names mentioned in the Bible, which it
enumerated in vol. iii, 11 a, and which it makes to correspond to the
ten Sephiroth, to be the sacred name composed of forty-two letters,
viz.:—
4 + 2 + 2 + 5 + 4 + 5 + 2 + 5 + 2 + 4 + 3 + 4 = 42
אדני חי אל צבאות ידוד אלדים אל ידויד יה אהיה אשר אהיה
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