The Lake Dwellings of Ireland: Or ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs.Wood-Martin, W. G. (William Gregory)
History
The Lake Dwellings of Ireland: Or ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs.
Wood-Martin, W. G. (William Gregory)
Lake-dwellers and lake-dwellings -- Ireland
Fig. 16, from Lough Eyes, represents the horn of a red-deer converted
into a weapon; its weight is considerable, and there can be little
doubt that it had served as a rude battle-axe; its broader end had
been fined to a cutting edge, and a notch shows where a leathern thong
or sinew was lashed for attachment of the axe-head to the handle into
which it had been set in the manner of a stone or flint celt. This
antler, together with the bone axe-head from Ballykillen, are the only
specimens of that special class of weapon; but both spear-heads and
daggers formed of bone have been found at Ardakillen, Ballinderry, and
other crannogs. In the Swiss “Pfahlbauten” it was only the handle of
the axe that was composed of horn, the cutting portion being flint or
stone, inserted into the shaft at its thicker end.[86]
Swords, whether of bronze or iron, are almost invariably of small size,
and double edged. There is usually a central rib to the blade, but
in some instances fluting occurs. The ordinary crannog sword may be
described generally as of two kinds, the one increasing in breadth from
the handle to the end, which terminates in the form of a triangle; the
other is shorter, with a broad straight-edged blade obtusely pointed.
Their handles were composed of bone or horn, and sometimes wood was
used. There was no hilt or guard, properly speaking, though the handle
usually somewhat overlaps the edges of the blade, while it recedes in a
curve tending in a direction opposite to that of the pommel.
[Illustration: Plate VII.
Hafted Bronze Rapier Sword, showing both sides. Full size.]
In April, 1864, a sword-blade of bronze, with the haft still attached,
was found adjoining a lake containing a small artificial island, in
the townland of Galbally, county Tyrone. The extreme length of blade,
25 in.; breadth at tang, 1¾ in.; weight, 13¾ ounces. The handle (both
sides of which are represented in the accompanying plate) is of bone,
probably cetacean; its length, 3½ inches; weight 1 ounce; thickness,
⅝ of an inch. The smallness of the handle is very remarkable,
taking into consideration the popular idea of the great stature and
strength of Erin’s ancient inhabitants.[87] A well-preserved iron
sword, with bronze mountings to the handle, was found in the crannog
of Lisnacroghera. The blade tapers gradually to a point from about
midway down its length, with a central ridge. The bronze mountings
of the sword-handle are four in number. “Of these, one is at the
pommel, another hoods as it were the butt of the blade, two others
are intermediate, and very probably do not now occupy their original
position, one of them certainly being movable. It is, therefore,
impossible to judge of the space which had been left for reception of
the swordsman’s hand. It may be observed that the edges of all these
fittings had been serrated or milled, but no other attempt at
decoration appears upon them. The blade measures in length 14¾ in., the
handle 5 in.”[88]
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