[388] The name was derived from Caliga, a kind of boot, studded with nails, used by the common soldiers in the Roman army. [389] According to Tacitus, who gives an interesting account of these occurrences, Treves was the place of refuge to which the young Caius was conveyed.--Annal. i. [390] In c. liv. of TIBERIUS, we have seen that his brothers Drusus and Nero fell a sacrifice to these artifices. [391] Tiberius, who was the adopted father of Germanicus. [392] Natriceus, a water-snake, so called from nato, to swim. The allusion is probably to Caligula's being reared in the island of Capri. [393] As Phaeton is said to have set the world on fire. [394] See the Life of TIBERIUS, c. lxxiii. [395] His name also was Tiberius. See before, TIBERIUS, c. lxxvi. [396] Procida, Ischia, Capri, etc. [397] The eagle was the standard of the legion, each cohort of which had its own ensign, with different devices; and there were also little images of the emperors, to which divine honours were paid. [398] See before, cc. liii. liv. [399] See TIBERIUS, c. x.; and note. [400] The mausoleum built by Augustus, mentioned before in his Life, c. C. [401] The Carpentum was a carriage, commonly with two wheels, and an arched covering, but sometimes without a covering; used chiefly by matrons, and named, according to Ovid, from Carmenta, the mother of Evander. Women were prohibited the use of it in the second Punic war, by the Oppian law, which, however, was soon after repealed. This chariot was also used to convey the images of the illustrious women to whom divine honours were paid, in solemn processions after their death, as in the present instance. It is represented on some of the sestertii. [402] See cc. xiv. and xxiii. of the present History. [403] Ib. cc. vii. and xxiv. [404] Life of TIBERIUS, c. xliii. [405] See the Life of AUGUSTUS, cc. xxviii. and ci. [406] Julius Caesar had shared it with them (c. xli.). Augustus had only kept up the form (c. xl.). Tiberius deprived the Roman people of the last remains of the freedom of suffrage. [407] The city of Rome was founded on the twenty-first day of April, which was called Palilia, from Pales, the goddess of shepherds, and ever afterwards kept as a festival. [408] A.U.C. 790. [409] A.U.C. 791. [410] A.U.C. 793. [411] A.U.C. 794. [412] The Saturnalia, held in honour of Saturn, was, amongst the Romans, the most celebrated festival of the whole year, and held in the month of December. All orders of the people then devoted themselves to mirth and feasting; friends sent presents to one another; and masters treated their slaves upon a footing of equality. At first it was held only for one day, afterwards for three days, and was now prolonged by Caligula's orders.