made with hands, “the ancient and universal company of scholars.” BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTE I The standard work on mediaeval universities is Hastings Rashdall, _The Universities of Europe in the Middle Ages_ (Oxford, 1895; new edition in preparation), to which my indebtedness will be apparent throughout. The later literature can be most easily found in L. J. Paetow, _Guide to the Study of Mediaeval History_ (Berkeley, 1917). Important materials are conveniently accessible in translation in D. C. Munro, _The Mediaeval Student_ (Philadelphia, 1895); and A. O. Norton, _Readings in the History of Education: Mediaeval Universities_ (Cambridge, Mass., 1909). Bologna now has a cartulary and a special series of _Studî e Memorie_ (both since 1907); while the municipal history of the early period has been studied by A. Hessel, _Geschichte der Stadt Bologna von 1116 bis 1280_ (Berlin, 1910). Light has recently been thrown on Salerno by the studies of Giacosa and Sudhoff and the dissertations of Sudhoff’s pupils; its most popular product, _The School of Salernum_, can be read in the quaint English version of Sir John Harrington, recently reprinted (London, 1922) with a good note by F. H. Garrison and a less valuable preface by Francis R. Packard. Paris still lacks a modern historian; Mullinger is still the standard work on Cambridge; while Oxford can best be studied in Rashdall, supplemented, as in the case of Cambridge, by the histories of the several colleges. II The most useful general work on the content of mediaeval learning is Henry Osborn Taylor, _The Mediaeval Mind_ (third edition, New York, 1919). This may be supplemented by R. L. Poole, _Illustrations of the History of Mediaeval Thought and Learning_ (second edition, London, 1920); M. Grabmann, _Geschichte der scholastischen Methode_ (Freiburg, 1909-11); Sir J. E. Sandys, _History of Classical Scholarship_, I (third edition, Cambridge, 1921); Lynn Thorndike, _History of Magic and Experimental Science_ (New York, 1923); Pierre Duhem, _Le système du monde de Platon à Copernic_, II-V (Paris, 1914-17); Charles H. Haskins, _Studies in the History of Mediaeval Science_ (in press, Harvard University Press); the standard histories of philosophy, mathematics, law, and medicine; and the more special literature in Paetow’s _Guide_, including his own study of the _Arts Course_ (Urbana, 1910) and his edition of the _Battle of the Seven Arts_ (Berkeley, 1914). For a sample of Abelard’s _Sic et Non_, see Norton, _Readings_, pp. 20-25. Abelard’s method can be followed further in the logical writings edited for the first time by B. Geyer in Baeumker’s _Beiträge zur Geschichte der Philosophie des Mittelalters_, XXI (Münster, 1919 ff.). The best account of the class-rooms of a mediaeval university is F. Cavazza, _Le scuole dell’antico studio bolognese_ (Milan, 1896). Robert de Sorbon’s _De conscientia_ is edited by Chambon (Paris, 1903). III