3. _With the ending d._ _England._ TAMEDE (_Cod. Dip._), now the TEME. _Mauretania._ TAMUDA ant. (_Pliny._) 4. _With the ending es._ _England._ The THAMES. Tamesis (_Cæsar_), Tamesa (_Tacitus_), Tamese, Temis (_Cod. Dip._), Welsh Tain. _Hungary._ The TEMES ant. Pathisus, (_see note p. 132_). From the root _tan_, to extend, we may probably also derive the word _tang_ found in Hung. _tenger_, sea, Ostiakic (an Ugric dialect of the Finnic class) _tangat_, river, and in the Dan. _tang_, sea-weed, which probably contains a trace of an older sense. 1. _Holland._ The DONGE in Brabant. _Norway._ The TENGS. 2. _With the ending er._ _Germany._ TONGERA, 10th cent., now the TANGER. _Italy._ TANAGER ant., now the TANAGRO--here? FOOTNOTES: [37] This, one of the Homeric rivers, was not identified in the time of Pliny. [38] Perhaps formed from _et_ by a phonetic _n_. So the Eamont in Cumberland seems to have been called in the time of Leland the Eamot. [39] It will be seen, however, that while admitting this root, I do not place Garonne to it. [40] Smith's Ancient Geography. [41] This river of Apulia, though small in summer, is exceedingly violent in winter. [42] "In its upper part it is a raging torrent." _Johnston's Gazetteer._ [43] The derivation of Mone, who makes _scuz_ and _scut_ altered forms of _srot_ or _srut_, is not to be entertained. [44] I am not sure that the Jahde of Oldenburg does not contain the more definite idea of a horse (Eng. _jade_, North. Eng. _yawd_). There are three rivers near together, the Haase, the Hunte, and the Jahde. It rather seems as if the popular fancy had got up the idea of a hunt, and named them as the Hare, the Hound, and the Horse. [45] Förstemann derives this, along with some other local names, from Old High Germ. _spurcha_, the juniper-tree. But I think that the stream at least is to be explained better from the Sansc. _sphurj_, to burst forth, Lat. _spargo_. [46] The ending _x_ I take to be a Græcism for _s_. [47] In these names we may perhaps think of the Bohem. _dest_, rain. The Teesta is much swollen in the rainy season, but perhaps not more so than most of the other rivers of Hindostan. In Hamilton's East Indian Gazetteer, it is explained as "_tishta_, standing still,"--a derivation which seems hardly to agree with the subsequent description of its "quick stream." [48] Hence Baxter derives the name of the Gadeni--"Quid enim Gadeni nisi ad Gadam amnem geniti?" [49] The Gela is at times a very violent stream, as the following description of Ovid bears witness. "Et te vorticibus non adeunde Gela." _Fasti. 4, 470._ [50] This ending may be the same as the Scotch _eck_ or _ick_, p. 25. [51] Förstemann, Altdeutsches Namenbuch. (Vol. 1. Personennamen).