The Story of the American Merchant MarineSpears, John Randolph
History
The Story of the American Merchant Marine
Spears, John Randolph
Merchant marine -- United States
The income of the slaver captain was large for that day. In addition to
the ordinary monthly wages, he received several commissions. "You are to
have four out of 104 for your coast commission," wrote the owner of the
schooner _Sierra Leone_, in which Captain Lindsay made a voyage in 1754,
"& five per cent for the sale of your cargo in the West Indies & five per
cent for the goods you purchase for return cargo. You are to have five
slaves Privilege, your cheafe mate Two, if he can purchase them, & your
second mate two."
The "Privilege" was the "private venture" of the trade. The foremast hands
had no "privilege." Their pay was about £3 per month.
As a matter of record, to show something of the way business was done by
the ship-owners of the day, here is a copy of a bill of lading, followed
by a letter of instructions to a captain about to sail in the slave
trade:--
"Shipped by the Grace of God in good order and well conditioned, by
William Johnson & Co., owners of the Sierra Leone, in & upon the said
Schooner Sierra Leone, where of is master under God for this present
voyage David Lindsay, & now riding at Anchor in Harbour of Newport, and by
God's Grace bound for the Coast of Africa: To say, Thirty-four hogsheads,
Tenn Tierces, Eight barrels & six half barrels Rum, one barrel Sugar,
sixty Musketts, six half barrels Powder, one box beads, Three boxes Snuff,
Two barrels Tallow, Twenty-one barrels Beef, Pork and Mutton, 14 cwt. 1
qr. 22 lbs. bread, one barrel mackerel, six shirts, five Jacketts, one
piece blue Calico, one piece Chex, one mill, shackles, handcuffs &c.
"Being marked and numbered as in the Margent; & are to be delivered in
like good Order & well conditioned, at the aforesaid port of the coast
of Affrica (the Dangers of the Seas only excepted) unto the said David
Lindsay or to his assigns, he or they paying Freight for the said Goods,
nothing, with Primage and Average accustomed. In Witness whereof, the
master or purser of the said Schooner hath affirmed unto three Bills of
Lading: all of this Tenor and date: one of which Three Bills of Lading
being accomplished the other two stand void. And so God send the good
Schooner to her desired Port in Safety: Amen."
The enormous profits of the slave trade were made in spite of active
competition. In 1750 there were 101 Liverpool merchants in it, while
London had 135, and Bristol 157. The English slavers were much larger
than the American, on the average, being able to carry 300. Nevertheless,
New Rhode Island held her own well. In 1740 she had, according to _The
American Slave Trade_, 120 vessels in the trade, and in 1770 the number
was 150.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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