In 1710 Cadillac was ordered to go to Louisiana to govern the colony
there, and his connection with Detroit and the Great Lakes was brought
to an abrupt end. The settlement which he handed over to his successor
was fairly prosperous. In the following winter, however, while the men
of the neighboring Indian tribes were away at their hunting-grounds,
a thousand or more hostile Indians of the Fox-Wisconsin river tribes
descended upon the region and prepared to settle there. The colonists
were powerless to prevent them, but waited anxiously for the return
of the hunting-parties. In May they came, and under the leadership
of the French finally drove off the enemy after a hard and bloody
siege in which many lives were lost. For the next ten years the
colony was so weak that its abandonment was contemplated. Successive
governors mismanaged its internal affairs, demanding tolls and fees so
exorbitant that traders refused to come there. Cadillac’s demands had
been for the advancement of the colony; these men used their power to
enrich themselves.
In 1720 and 1721, financial distress in France sent many a ruined
Frenchman to Detroit, so that in 1722 the population was again two
hundred, as it had been at the time of its founder’s departure. For the
next thirty years the story of Detroit was uneventful. The settlement
increased gradually in numbers and strength. Of its hardships we may
best judge by the large mortality of children in those years. By the
middle of the century we find the authorities in Canada so eager to
have the colonies on the Great Lakes strong and permanent, that the
following inducements are offered in a proclamation posted, by order of
the governor-general, in all the parishes of Canada:--
“Every man who will go to settle in Detroit shall receive gratuitously,
one spade, one axe, one ploughshare, one large and one small wagon. We
will make an advance of other two tools to be paid for in two years
only. He will be given a cow, ... also a sow. Seed will be advanced
the first year, to be returned at the third harvest. The women and
children will be supported for one year. Those will be deprived of the
liberality of the King who shall give themselves up to trade in place
of agriculture.”
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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