The town life of the Utopians, as I have explained, rests upon rural
foundations; there is such a mixture of town and country as Peter
Kropotkin sought to realize in his sketch of “Fields, Factories, and
Workshops.” Let us conjure up the town of Amaurot and see in what sort
of environment the townspeople spend their days. Our Utopian city,
alas! reminds us somewhat of its rivals in latter-day America; for
Raphael tells us that he who knows one of their towns knows all of them.
Amaurot lies on the side of a hill; it is almost a square, two miles on
each side; and it faces the river Anider which takes its rise eighty
miles above the town, and gets lost in the ocean sixty miles below. The
town is compassed by a high, thick wall; the streets are convenient
for carriages and sheltered from the winds; and the houses are built
in rows so that a whole side of the street looks like a single unit.
(It was so that the great people built their houses in eighteenth
century London and Edinburgh, as Belgrave Square, Charlotte Square, and
the great Adelphi Mansion designed by the Brothers Adam show us.) The
streets are twenty feet broad; and in back of the houses are gardens,
which everyone has a hand in keeping up; and the people of the various
blocks vie with each other in ordering their gardens, so that there
is “nothing belonging to the whole town that is more useful and more
pleasant.”
In every street there are great halls, distinguished by particular
names, and lying at an equal distance from each other. In each hall
dwells the magistrate of a district, who rules over thirty families,
fifteen living on one side and fifteen on another; and since a family
consists of not more than sixteen and not less than ten people, this
magistrate--or Philarch as he is called--is the “community leader” of
some four hundred people.
In these halls everyone meets and takes his principal meal. The
stewards go to the market place at a particular hour, and, according
to the number of people in their halls, carry home provisions. The
people who are in hospitals--which are built outside the walls and are
so large they might pass for little towns--get the pick of the day’s
food. At the hours of dinner and supper the whole block is called
together by a trumpet, and everybody joins company, except such as are
sick or in hospital, just as the students and fellows to this day eat
their principal meal in an Oxford college. The dressing of meat and the
ordering of the tables belongs to the women; all those of every family
taking their place by turns. In the same building there is a common
nursery and chapel; and so the women who have children to care for
labor under no inconvenience.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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