The question therefore comes to this: Is it
better to use a book containing standard forms of proof for the basal
propositions, and have time for solving a large number of original
exercises and for seeking the applications of geometry? Or is it better
to use a book that requires more time on the basal propositions, with
the danger of dishonesty, and allows less time for solving originals? To
these questions the great majority of teachers answer in favor of the
textbook with most of the basal propositions fully demonstrated. In
general, therefore, it is a good rule to use the proofs of the basal
propositions as models, and to get the original work from the exercises.
Unless we preserve these model proofs, or unless we supply them with a
syllabus, the habit of correct, succinct self-expression, which is one
of the chief assets of geometry, will tend to become atrophied. So
important is this habit that "no system of education in which its
performance is neglected can hope or profess to evolve men and women who
are competent in the full sense of the word. So long as teachers of
geometry neglect the possibilities of the subject in this respect, so
long will the time devoted to it be in large part wasted, and so long
will their pupils continue to imbibe the vicious idea that it is much
more important to be able to do a thing than to say how it can be
done."[36]
It is here that the chief danger of syllabus-teaching lies, and it is
because of this patent fact that a syllabus without a carefully selected
set of model proofs, or without the unnecessary expenditure of time by
the class, is a dangerous kind of textbook.
What shall then be said of those books that merely suggest the proofs,
or that give a series of questions that lead to the demonstrations?
There is a certain plausibility about such a plan at first sight. But it
is easily seen to have only a fictitious claim to educational value. In
the first place, it is merely an attempt on the part of the book to take
the place of the teacher and to "develop" every lesson by the heuristic
method. The questions are so framed as to admit, in most cases, of only
a single answer, so that this answer might just as well be given instead
of the question. The pupil has therefore a proof requiring no more
effort than is the case in the standard form of textbook, but not given
in the clear language of a careful writer. Furthermore, the pupil is
losing here, as when he uses only a syllabus, one of the very things
that he should be acquiring, namely, the habit of reading mathematics.
If he met only syllabi without proofs, or "suggestive" geometries, or
books that endeavored to question every proof out of him, he would be in
a sorry plight when he tried to read higher mathematics, or even other
elementary treatises. It is for reasons such as these that the heuristic
textbook has never succeeded for any great length of time or in any wide
territory.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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