The United States Marine Corps in the World War — John Shaqi
The United States Marine Corps in the World WarUnited States. Marine Corps
History
The United States Marine Corps in the World War
United States. Marine Corps
United States. Marine Corps -- History -- World War, 1914-1918; World War, 1914-1918 -- United States
On July 17, 1918, the First Moroccan Division and the First and
Second Divisions of American Regulars were hurriedly and secretly
concentrated, by terribly fatiguing, forced night marches over roads
jammed with troops, artillery, and tanks, through rain and mud, in
the Bois de Retz, near Soissons. Headquarters of the Fourth Brigade
was established at Vivieres.
The getting to the “jump-off” on time for this operation will always
share in Marine Corps history with the glorious victory that followed.
Early on the morning of July 18, 1918, Marshal Foch threw these
three picked divisions at the unsuspecting Germans with overwhelming
success, and again on the following day. The American commander in
chief in his first report stated:
The place of honor in the thrust toward Soissons on July 18 was
given to our First and Second Divisions, in company with chosen
French divisions. Without the usual brief warning of a preliminary
bombardment, the massed French and American artillery, firing by
the map, laid down its rolling barrage at dawn while the Infantry
began its charge. The tactical handling of our troops under these
trying conditions was excellent throughout the action. * * * The
Second Division took Beaurepaire Farm and Vierzy in a very rapid
advance, and reached a position in front of Tigny at the end of its
second day.
In his final report he stated:
Gen. Petain’s initial plan for the counterattack involved the
entire western face of the Marne salient. The First and Second
American Divisions, with the First French Moroccan Division between
them, were employed as the spearhead of the main attack, driving
directly eastward, through the most sensitive portion of the German
lines to the heights south of Soissons. The advance began on July
18, without the usual brief warning of a preliminary bombardment,
and these three divisions at a single bound broke through the
enemy’s infantry defenses and overran his artillery, cutting or
interrupting the German communications leading into the salient.
A general withdrawal from the Marne was immediately begun by the
enemy, who still fought stubbornly to prevent disaster. * * *
The Second Division advanced 8 kilometers in the first 26 hours,
and by the end of the second day was facing Tigny, having captured
3,000 prisoners and 66 field guns. It was relieved the night of the
19th by a French division. The result of this counter-offensive
was of decisive importance. Due to the magnificent dash and
power displayed on the field of Soissons by our First and Second
Divisions the tide of war was definitely turned in favor of the
Allies.
Maj. Gen. James G. Harbord, commanding the Second Division in this
operation, describes the two days’ fighting of his division in these
words:
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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