The world's leading conquerors : $b Alexander the Great, Cæsar, Charles the Great, the Ottoman sultans, the Spanish conquistadors, NapoleonBevan, Wilson Lloyd
History
The world's leading conquerors : $b Alexander the Great, Cæsar, Charles the Great, the Ottoman sultans, the Spanish conquistadors, Napoleon
Bevan, Wilson Lloyd
History; Kings and rulers
Alexander was an explorer as well as a conqueror, and his
disappointment at this enforced withdrawal from the prosecution of his
march must have been that of a man who was within reach of the goal and
just failed to attain it. According to the geographical notions of his
day, he was near the certain limit of the world; he knew nothing of the
great Indian peninsula, and of course nothing of the vast extent of
Siberia or the Chinese Empire. He supposed that the Ganges flowed into
an eastern sea which was continuous with the Caspian and which washed
the shores of Scythia and the base of the high mountains he had lately
passed through. On the river Hydaspes, a fleet had already been under
construction; as soon as it was ready he embarked on it a part of his
best troops, while the mass of the army, in two divisions, moved down
the stream. The route followed was along the Hydaspes to its confluence
with the Akesines, then down this stream to the Indus and the Indus
itself to the Delta.
From the military point of view, this concluding stage of the Indian
expedition offers little of special interest. The inhabitants of the
country either submitted to or fled from the Greek army, and various
strongholds were taken by storm. In an assault on one of them, held
by the Malians, who dwelt in the southern Punjab, the king, who had
pressed forward in the midst of the enemy, found himself separated
from the main body of his followers and was dangerously wounded. In
the region the army traversed several colonies were founded; another
Alexandria rose at the point where the Akesines flows into the Indus,
and at Pattala a harbor and navy yard were built. The conquered portion
of India was organized in three satrapies, one of which was under
Porus, who had a free position as a vassal prince, for in his territory
there were no Macedonian garrisons.
But the real subjugation of the country had not been effected by the
spectacular march through it; as soon as the Greeks turned their backs,
an uprising took place. Before the whole army reached Pattala, a part
had been detached with directions to march west to Arachosia, and to
wait in Caramania till it was joined there by the main division. The
fleet was placed under the command of Nearchus, a Cretan, who was
to take it along the coast of the Indian Ocean and finally into the
Persian Gulf. Alexander, at the head of the rest of the army, took the
road through Gedrosia.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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