No fuel consumption figures are given, primarily because no
comprehensive data have been found. This is most probably because in
the early flight years, when the Wrights were so meticulously
measuring and recording technical information on the important factors
affecting their work, the flights were of such short duration that
fuel economy was of very minor importance. After success had been
achieved, they ceased to keep detailed records on very much except
their first interest--the flying machine itself--and when the time of
longer flights arrived, the fuel consumption that resulted from their
best engine design efforts was simply accepted. The range obtained
became mostly a matter of aerodynamic design and weight carried.
Orville Wright quotes an early figure of brake thermal efficiency for
the 1903 engine that gives a specific fuel consumption of .580 lb of
fuel per bhp/hr based on an estimate of the heating value of the fuel
they had. This seems low, considering the compression ratio and
probable leakage past their rather weak piston rings, but it is
possible. In an undated entry, presumably in 1905, Orville Wright's
notebook covered fuel consumption in terms of miles of flight; one of
the stated assumptions in the entry is, "One horsepower consumes .60
pounds per horsepower hour"--still quite good for the existing
conditions. Published figures for the 6-60 engine centered around .67
lb/hp hr for combined fuel and oil consumption.
The Wright Shop Engine
Despite the fact that the Wright shop engine was not a flight unit, it
is interesting both because it was a well designed stationary
powerplant with several exceedingly ingenious features, and because
its complete success was doubtless a major factor in the Wrights'
decision to design and build their own first flight engine. Put in
service in their small shop in the fall of 1901, it was utilized in
the construction of engine and airframe parts during the vital years
from 1902 through 1908 and, in addition, it provided the sole means of
determining the power output of all of their early flight engines. By
means of a prony brake, its power output was carefully measured and
from this the amount of power required for it to turn certain fans or
test clubs was determined. These were then fitted to the flight
engines and the power developed calculated from the speed at which the
engines under test would turn the calibrated clubs. Although a
somewhat complex method of using power per explosion of the shop
engine was made necessary by the basic governor control of the engine,
the final figures calculated by means of the propeller cube law seem
to have been surprisingly accurate.[19] Restored under the personal
direction of Charles Taylor, it is in the Henry Ford Museum in
Dearborn, Michigan, together with the shop machinery it operated.
[Footnote 19: _The Papers of Wilbur and Orville Wright_, volume 2,
Appendix.]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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