This irritable self-consciousness is shown no less strikingly in his
relations with men who, although they esteem his integrity and talents,
find it exceedingly difficult to like him. The same self-consciousness
{61} makes him clumsy in society, and, when he has to act with other
people in public business, he grows caustic and angry because they do
not agree with him in everything. The worst egoism of all occurs in
his attitude towards his dying brother. When he sees his brother
visibly perishing from consumption, he pities him deeply, but, none the
less, his chief concern lies in the thought that this horrible and
degrading misfortune of illness and death will one day befall himself;
he positively disturbs the invalid in the night (how terrible to break
that hard-won sleep of the consumptive!) by rising to look in the
glass, dreading to find that he has wrinkles and grey hairs and is
growing old.
When he and Kitty attend Nikolai's death-bed we see the strongest
possible contrast between the unselfish courage of the young wife,
thinking only of the sick man, and doing everything possible for him,
and the distressing egoism of Levin, who is filled with fear, disgust,
and almost anger at the sight of death.
"Levin, though terrified at the thought of lifting this frightful body
under the coverlet, submitted to his wife's influence, and put his arms
around the invalid, with that resolute air she knew so well": and
again, "The sight of the sick man paralysed him; he did not know what
to say, how to look or move about.... Kitty apparently did not think
about herself, and she had not the time. Occupied only with the
invalid, she seemed to have a clear idea of what to do; and she
succeeded in her endeavour."
_Anna Karénina_ shows already that fear of death which is such an
obsession in Tolstoy's later works. In _War and Peace_, he takes the
soldier's view of it, as something almost trifling in comparison with
greater matters; his noble Prince Andrei grieves over many things, but
neither the utmost extremity of peril, nor the anguish of his gangrened
wound, nor the immediate presence of dissolution can shake his courage
or dismay his soul. It is different with the pitiful, almost animal
terror of death shown by poor Nikolai Levin, and it plays an increasing
part in Tolstoy's mind until, as he describes {62} in _My Confession_,
it becomes an obsession which occupies the whole of his mind, and from
which he can only shake himself free by an entire conversion. Even
then, like a mediæval monk, he allows the thought of death to colour
almost the whole of life. The truth is that he thinks too much of it.
Even his pagan Homer might have taught him better; Achilles cries:
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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