=A.= Leaflets 5-7, red-spotted and rough; flowers rosy red _Æsculus rubicunda_ (1). =A.= Leaflets usually 5; flowers not much spreading 2. * Fruit smooth or nearly so. (=B.=) =B.= Flowers bright red 3. =B.= Flowers yellow, purplish or pinkish 4. =B.= Flowers white, in long, slender, erect clusters 5. [Illustration: Æ. Hippocástanum.] 1. =Æsculus Hippocástanum.= (COMMON HORSE-CHESTNUT.) Leaves of 7 obovate, abruptly pointed, serrated leaflets. Flowers very showy in large clusters, with 5 white, purple and yellow spotted, broadly spreading petals. A variety with double flowers is in cultivation. May or June. Fruit large, covered with prickles. Seeds large, chestnut-colored. Tree of large size, with brown twigs; cultivated everywhere; from Asia. [Illustration: Æ. rubicúnda.] _Æsculus rubicunda_ (Red-flowering Horse-chestnut) is frequent in cultivation; leaflets 5 to 7, red-spotted and rough; flowers rosy red. It is probably a hybrid between the common Horse-chestnut and one of the Buckeyes. [Illustration: Æ glàbra.] 2. =Æsculus glàbra=, Willd. (OHIO BUCKEYE.) Leaves with 5 oval-oblong, acuminate, serrate, smooth leaflets. Flowers not showy, yellowish-white, with 4 somewhat irregular, slightly spreading petals. June. Fruit small, 1 in. in diameter, covered with prickles, at least when young; ripe in autumn. Small to large tree, wild in the basin of the Ohio River, along river-banks. Sometimes cultivated. [Illustration: Æ. Pàvia.] 3. =Æsculus Pàvia=, L. (RED BUCKEYE.) Leaves of 5 to 7 oblong-lanceolate, finely serrate, generally smooth leaflets, of a shining green color, with purple veins and petioles. Flowers (corolla and calyx) bright red, with included stamens; corolla of 4 petals, not spreading; calyx tubular. Fruit smooth, oblong-obovate, 1 in. long. Small tree or shrub, 10 to 20 ft. high, with purple twigs. Virginia west and south, and occasionally cultivated throughout. [Illustration: Æ. flàva.] 4. =Æsculus flàva=, Ait. (SWEET BUCKEYE.) Leaves with 5 to 7 serrulate, elliptical, acuminate leaflets, usually smooth, sometimes minutely pubescent beneath; the pubescent petiole flattish toward the base. Flowers yellow, not spreading. Spring. Fruit globose, uneven but not prickly, 2 in. in diameter. Seeds large (1 in.), 1 or 2 in number, mahogany-colored; ripe in autumn. Often a large tree, sometimes only a shrub, 6 to 70 ft. high, in rich woods; Virginia to Indiana, and southward. Cultivated occasionally throughout. Var. _purpurascens_ of this species has flesh-colored or dull-purple flowers, and leaflets quite downy beneath. [Illustration: Æ. macrostàchya.]