U.S. Marine Operations in Korea, 1950-1953, Volume 2 (of 5): The Inchon-Seoul OperationMontross, Lynn
History
U.S. Marine Operations in Korea, 1950-1953, Volume 2 (of 5): The Inchon-Seoul Operation
Montross, Lynn
Korean War, 1950-1953 -- Campaigns; United States. Marine Corps -- History -- Korean War, 1950-1953
Despite this encouraging little victory, it was still nip and tuck on
the central front of the Pusan Perimeter. With the U. S. 2d Infantry
Division and 5th RCT now in line, the Eighth Army strategy of trading
space for time had resulted in whittling down the enemy’s material
superiority. But the invaders still held the material advantage, and
there were signs that they would soon launch an all-out effort to smash
through to Pusan.
_The Marine Amphibious Mission_
General Shepherd, after being informed as to the Tokyo conferences,
accompanied General Smith on the morning of 24 August to a meeting with
Admirals Sherman, Radford, Joy, and Doyle. It was generally agreed that
not enough weight had been given to amphibious considerations in the
final decision to attack at Inchon. Navy opinion held that one more
attempt should be made to propose another landing point with fewer
hydrographic objections. The area south of Inchon had been investigated
by Navy UDT and Marine amphibious scouts of the Reconnaissance Company,
1st Marine Division, who had sailed to the Far East with the Brigade.
As a preliminary, this group had embarked on the USS _Horace A. Bass_
(APD-124) and gone ashore undetected to stage several raids during the
period 12–16 August on the enemy’s main line of communications along
the west coast. Three tunnels and two railway bridges were destroyed
without the loss of a man.[73]
[73] CTF 90 _Opn O 13-50_, in PacFlt _Interim Rpt No. 1_,
XV:Able, 6.
Next the raiders successfully carried out a survey and reconnaissance
of available landing beaches during the period 22–25 August in the
Posung-Myon area. Their findings impressed General Shepherd so much
that before his departure from Tokyo he called on CinCFE to make a
last plea for reconsideration of the landing area. General MacArthur,
however, remained firm in his preference for Inchon.[74]
[74] O. P. Smith, _Chronicle_, 24 Aug 50.
The meeting of the admirals and Marine generals on the 24th broke up
with a general agreement that the decision as to Inchon on 15 September
must be accepted as the basis for final planning. That same afternoon
General Smith instructed his planning group to begin work on a scheme
of maneuver.
Modern amphibious tactics were in their infancy during World War I
when an appalling object lesson seemed to have been left by the Allied
disaster at Gallipoli in 1915–16. Brilliant in strategic conception,
this major amphibious operation might have knocked Turkey out of
the war and opened the unlocked back door of Austria and Germany.
Unfortunately, the execution fell short; and the failure was too often
charged to amphibious warfare itself rather than a wholesale violation
of its basic principles.
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