U.S. Marine Operations in Korea, 1950-1953, Volume 5 (of 5): Operations in West Korea — John Shaqi
U.S. Marine Operations in Korea, 1950-1953, Volume 5 (of 5): Operations in West KoreaUnited States. Marine Corps
History
U.S. Marine Operations in Korea, 1950-1953, Volume 5 (of 5): Operations in West Korea
United States. Marine Corps
Korean War, 1950-1953 -- Campaigns; United States. Marine Corps -- History -- Korean War, 1950-1953
In western Korea, good rail transport into Munsan-ni and an adequate
but not all-weather road system improved the division’s logistical
situation. Greater storage facilities also existed in the JAMESTOWN
rear supply areas than in the X Corps sector just vacated by the
Marines. Division motor equipment did not suffer any appreciable damage
due to the rigors of the MIXMASTER transplacement. Vehicle maintenance
also presented a favorable outlook, due to the expected decreased use
during the period of positional warfare. On the other hand, an unduly
large number of tanks developed engine troubles in March, which were
traced back to defective oil cooling fans. This condition was corrected
in April and May by installation of new fan assemblies.
Guns of the 1st Tank Battalion immediately began to render valuable
support to Marine frontline regiments with the division’s new
assignment in the west. Companies A, B, and C were placed in direct
support of the three forward infantry regiments. Company D drew the
reserve mission, which included tank-infantry training with the 7th
Marines and preparation for reinforcing division artillery fires. Tank
companies were used almost daily in the forward sectors for destruction
by direct fire of the Chinese MLR fortifications. For such missions the
M-46 tanks, equipped with high-velocity 90mm guns, lumbered forward
from secure assembly areas to the rear of JAMESTOWN to temporary firing
positions on the line.
After pouring direct fire on preselected targets and completion of the
fire mission, the armored vehicles then returned to the rear. Less
frequently, a five-vehicle tank platoon accompanied a reinforced rifle
platoon and conducted daylight reconnaissance missions of forward areas
to engage the Chinese and to gain intelligence about enemy positions
and terrain. During April six such tank-infantry patrols, all in the
KMC regimental area, failed to establish direct contact with the enemy
but did draw mortar and artillery fire.
Marine artillery, which had been receiving its share of attention
from Communist field guns,[61] was faced by problems in two other
respects. Although the enemy held only four more artillery weapons
than did the Marines, General Seiden still lacked the ability to
mass artillery fires to the same degree as did the Chinese.[62] This
limitation stemmed directly from the wide physical separation of 11th
Marines batteries and the frontline infantry regiments being supported.
A second problem, the loss of qualified forward observers--reserve
officers due to return to the States for release from active
service--forced the 11th Marines to begin a school to train infantry
officers for this function. To make the course realistic, all firing
was done at live targets.[63]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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