Useful Knowledge: Volume 1. Minerals: Or, a familiar account of the various productions of natureBingley, William
History
Useful Knowledge: Volume 1. Minerals: Or, a familiar account of the various productions of nature
Bingley, William
Commercial products; Geology, Economic; Natural history
No stone is so much in request for seals as carnelian. It is likewise
cut into beads for necklaces, and stones for ear─rings; into crosses,
bracelets, and other trinkets, which, in India, form a considerable
branch of traffic. The amount of the sale value of different kinds of
carnelian goods vended by the East India Company in 1807, was
11,187_l._: but, in other years, it has not usually been so much as half
that sum.
Formerly carnelians were exported from Japan to Holland; and thence were
carried to Oberstein, in France, to be exchanged for the agates of that
country, which were exported to China.
The carnelian was much esteemed by the ancients; and many fine engraved
carnelians are preserved in different collections.
94. _CHRYSOPRASE, an extremely hard kind of stone, of clear and delicate
apple─green colour, is considered to be a kind of calcedony._
This beautiful mineral has hitherto been found only in the vicinity of
Kosemitz, and in a few other parts of Lower Silesia. It is susceptible
of a high polish, and is much prized by jewellers when its colour is
deep and pure. Its colour, however, is so fugitive, that, if kept in a
warm and dry situation, it loses the greatest part of it; and if exposed
to moisture it becomes much altered. Lapidaries assert, that great care
ought to be taken in the polishing of it;—pretending that if, from want
of sufficient moisture, or by the too rapid motion of the wheel, it be
over─heated, it will become whitish or turbid.
Chrysoprase is generally cut into a convex form, or what jewellers call
_en cabochon_; and is set with green taffeta beneath it, as foil. It is
used for ring stones, brooches, and other ornaments; and is found to
harmonize well with diamonds and pearls. The larger and more impure
masses are cut into snuff─boxes, seal stones, and similar articles. Some
of the finest specimens of chrysoprase that are known, are to be seen in
the cathedral church of Prague, where a small closet is inlaid with
them.
Imitations of chrysoprase are sometimes imposed upon the public; but
these are easily known by persons who are acquainted with the nature of
precious stones.
95. _BLOODSTONE, or HELIOTROPE, is an opaque stone of the quartz family,
generally of dark green colour, with a somewhat bluish cast, and marked
with blood─red spots or stripes._
_It usually occurs in masses of irregular form; and, when cut thin, is
sometimes translucent at the edges._
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