War Medals and Their HistorySteward, William Augustus
History
War Medals and Their History
Steward, William Augustus
Great Britain. Army -- Medals, badges, decorations, etc.; Great Britain. Royal Navy -- Medals, badges, decorations, etc.
_Number Issued._--The Duke of Wellington received the only cross with 9
bars, representing 13 engagements; two were issued with 7 bars; three
with 6 bars; seven with 5 bars; eight with 4 bars; seventeen with 3
bars; eighteen with 2 bars; forty-six with 1 bar, and sixty-one the
cross alone. Eighty-five large gold medals were issued, and 599 small
gold ones. One hundred and forty-three bore 1 bar, and seventy-two 2
bars, leaving four hundred and sixty-nine medals without bars or clasps.
=Nivelle.=--For nearly six cold and inclement weeks after the fall
of San Sebastian, Wellington remained inactive in the Pyrenees, the
troops suffering considerably in the bleak situation. Then began the
operation which has been described as one of the boldest of the war.
Wellington determined to seize the great La Rhune mountain, 2,700 ft.
high, which stood between the Nivelle and Bidassoa valleys and the
dependent heights; by so doing he could menace the centre of the French
line, and cross the border. Soult lost his head, and called upon the
French peoples of the provinces to take up arms and war "to the knife."
Wellington coolly responded by informing the inhabitants that England
did not make war upon the people, but upon their ruler, who did not
allow others to remain at peace, and impressed upon his soldiers that
any acts of violence or marauding would be punished by death. Early on
the morning of October 7th, 1814, the British made their first movement
by crossing the mouth of the Bidassoa River--a feat classed among the
ablest and boldest of Wellington's operations; the enemy were taken by
surprise, and the British carried everything before them. At 3 o'clock
in the afternoon the famous exploit of Lieutenant William Havelock,
"El Chico Blanco," took place. He had been sent by General Baron
Alten to see the progress that Marshal Giron's Spaniards had made,
and finding them irresolute, despite their previous successes, his
fiery spirit could not brook the check. Taking off his hat, he called
upon the Spaniards to follow him, set spurs to his horse, and cleared
the abattis at a bound. "Then," wrote Napier, "the soldiers, shouting
for 'El Chico Blanco' (the fair boy)--so they called him, for he was
young and had light hair--with one shock broke through the French,
and at the very moment when their centre was flying under the fire
of Kempt's skirmishers from the Puerto de Vera." (Lieutenant-Colonel
Havelock, elder brother of Sir Henry Havelock, was born on January
23rd, 1793, and killed while leading the 14th Light Dragoons--"450
sabres against an army amounting to more than 15,000 men with heavy
cannon"--at Ramnuggur, November 22nd, 1848.) In three days the allies
lost 814 men, and the French 1,400, but the victorious allies were now
on French soil, and working well together, the Spaniards rising to
the occasion as success succeeded success. For some days the armies
were inactive; Wellington was getting ready to resume the offensive,
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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