War Medals and Their HistorySteward, William Augustus
History
War Medals and Their History
Steward, William Augustus
Great Britain. Army -- Medals, badges, decorations, etc.; Great Britain. Royal Navy -- Medals, badges, decorations, etc.
On December 10th, 11th, 12th, and 13th, Soult made a series of
determined and often desperate attacks upon the British divisions,
but without success, and was ultimately forced to fall back upon
Bayonne, leaving the courses of the Nivelle, Nive, and Adour in the
possession of the allies, who were thus enabled to obtain plentiful
supplies for their needs, while the enemy were harassed by having their
communications threatened and supplies restricted. During the conflicts
between the 9th and 13th the French lost about 6,000 killed and
wounded, and two guns. The British losses were 650 officers (including
6 Generals) and men killed; 233 officers, 215 sergeants, and 3,459 rank
and file wounded; 17 officers, 14 sergeants, and 473 rank and file
missing.
The battle on December 13th, which determined the series of conflicts,
was practically fought and won by the corps under Sir Rowland
Hill--indeed the glory of the day was frankly given him by Wellington,
who, taking him by the hand, said, "My dear Hill, the day is your
own." There could be little doubt about that, for on the heights of
St. Pierre--with only 16,000 men and 14 guns--he defied and drove off
35,000 French bayonets and 22 guns which assailed him in front, and the
corps (8,000) of General Paris, with the Light Cavalry under Pierre
Soult, which threatened his rear. The battle was regarded on both
sides as "one of the most sanguinary that the French Army of Spain had
fought, and that there was not one where so many deaths took place on
the battlefield." No wonder the enemy never again took the offensive!
The following regiments were present in the series of engagements: 1st,
2nd, and 3rd Foot Guards; 7th, 12th, 13th, 14th, 16th, and 18th Light
Dragoons; 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 7th, 9th, 11th, 20th, 23rd, 27th,
28th, 31st, 32nd, 34th, 36th, 38th, 39th, 40th, 42nd, 43rd, 45th, 47th,
48th, 50th, 52nd, 53rd, 57th, 59th, 60th, 61st, 62nd, 66th, 71st, 74th,
76th, 79th, 83rd, 84th, 85th, 87th, 88th, 91st, 92nd, 94th, 95th, and
the Rifle Brigade. Many of the regiments particularly distinguished
themselves on the day of victory; notably the 92nd, which, scattering
light troops that should have checked them, charged and repulsed a
column; re-forming behind St. Pierre, they again advanced with colours
flying and pibroch sounding, as if going to a review, and offered
battle to a French column five times their superior: the challenge
was, however, declined, for like Napier the French commanding officer
recognised that men who could act so understood war.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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