(1) greater in the south than in the north, the wind had westing; (2) greater in the north than in the south, the wind had easting; (3) greater in the east than in the west, the wind had southing; (4) greater in the west than in the east, the wind had northing; (5) uniformly high, or uniformly low, variable light winds (with fine weather in the former case, and vapoury or wet weather in the latter). Conditions (1) and (3) give winds from the S.W. quarter. Conditions (1) and (4) give winds from the N.W. quarter. Conditions (2) and (4) give winds from the N.E. quarter. Conditions (2) and (3) give winds from the S.E. quarter. These principles may be employed to set forth the mode of foretelling the impending change of wind as regards its direction and force; for the atmospherical pressure may change— (_a_) uniformly over the whole area of observation; (_b_) by increasing in the south, or (which causes a similar statical force) by decreasing in the north; (_c_) by increasing in the north, or (which has the same effect) by decreasing in the south; (_d_) by increasing in the west, or (which has the same effect) by decreasing in the east; (_e_) by increasing in the east, or (which has the same effect) by decreasing in the west; ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Scale, 0 to 6. | |Pressure in pounds | per square foot. | | | |Miles per hour. | | | | | |Seaman’s Nomenclature. | | | | | | | |Scale, 0 to 12. | | | | | | | | | | Beaufort Scale. ---+-----+---+---------+----+------------------------------------------- 0·0| 0·00| 2 |Calm | 0 | | | | | | 0·5| 0·25| 5 |Light Air| 1 | Just sufficient to make steerage way. | | | | | | | | Breeze | | 1·0| 1·00|10 | Light | 2 | ⎧With which a ship with ⎫ 1 to 2 knots. 1·5| 2·25|15 | Gentle | 3 | ⎨ all sail set would go ⎬ 3 to 4 „ 2·0| 4·00|20 | Moderate| 4 | ⎩ in smooth water. ⎭ 5 to 6 „ 2·5| 6·25|27 | Fresh | 5 | ⎧ ⎫ Royals, &c. 3·0| 9·00|35 | Strong | 6 | ⎪In which ⎮ Single Reefs and T.G. Sails. -- | -- |42 | -- -- | | ⎪ ⎮ Double Reefs and Jib, &c. | | | | | ⎪ ⎮ | | | Gale | | ⎨ she could ⎬ 3·5| -- |50 |Moderate | 7 | ⎪ ⎮ 4·0|16·00|60 |Fresh | 8 | ⎪ ⎮ Triple Reefs, &c. 4·5|20·25|-- |Strong | 9 | ⎩ just carry⎭ Close Reefs and Courses. 5·0|25·00|70 |Whole | 10 | ⎧In which she could just bear close-reefed | | | | | ⎩ Maintopsail and reefed Foresail. 5·5|30·25|80 |Storm | 11 | Under Storm Staysails or Trysails. 6·0|36·00|90 |Hurricane| 12 | Bare Poles.