(6) The following have been given, by various psychologists, as differences between sensation and simple feeling. What have you to say about them? (_a_) Sensation depends upon a present stimulus; feeling depends not only upon stimulus, but upon the whole state of the individual at the moment. (_b_) Sensations range between maximal differences; feelings between maximal opposites. (_c_) All sensations have corresponding images; there is no image of pleasantness or unpleasantness. (_d_) Sensations may be localised; feelings are not localisable. (7) Professor Wundt, who first distinguished the groups of agreeable and disagreeable, exciting and subduing, straining and relaxing feelings, thinks that these experiences are not sense-feelings, but are all simple feelings; so that there are three dimensions of simple feeling, the pleasant-unpleasant, the exciting-subduing, and the straining-relaxing, corresponding in a way with the three dimensions of space. What criticism have you to offer? And how would you test Wundt’s theory? (8) Do you think that a mixed feeling, a feeling which is at the same moment pleasant and unpleasant, is a possible experience? Give your reasons, and support them by observations. Can you remember any references, that bear on the question, in poetry or fiction? (9) Analyse the sense-feelings of smarting pain, of health, of hunger, of oppressive heat. (10) Can you give, from your own experience, any evidence for the belief that Weber’s law holds for intensity of feeling? (11) The chapter teaches that the pleasantness of a perfume, of a word of praise, and of a kindly action is, as simple feeling, identical; there are no qualitative differences in the pleasant. To many persons this teaching is repugnant. Why? and how should their objections be answered? (12) Define (without looking at the book!) sensation, simple image, simple feeling. References On images: Galton, as above; D. Hume, A Treatise of Human Nature, 1739, bk. i., pt. i., § 1; J. E. Downey, An Experiment on Getting an After-image from a Mental Image, in Psychological Review, viii., 1901, 42; E. B. Titchener, Lectures on the Experimental Psychology of the Thought-processes, 1909, Lect. 1; Text-book of Psychology, 1910, 194 ff. On feeling: H. Spencer, The Principles of Psychology, i., 1881, ch. ix.; The Data of Ethics, 1887, chs. vi., vii.; J. M. Baldwin, Mental Development in the Child and the Race: Methods and Processes, 1906, ch. xvi., § 3; W. Wundt, Outlines of Psychology, trs. C. H. Judd, 1907, §§ 7, 12; E. B. Titchener, Lectures on the Elementary Psychology of Feeling and Attention, 1908, Lects. 2-4; Text-book of Psychology, 1910, 225 ff. For experimental methods: Titchener, Experimental Psychology, I., i., 1901, ch. vii.; ii., 1901, ch. vii.; C. S. Myers, A Text-book of Experimental Psychology, i., 1911, ch. xxiv. CHAPTER IV ATTENTION