If you look at the picture of the Emperor Moth you will see that there is a very nicely drawn eye on each of his upper wings (his real eyes are quite hidden by his little fur cape); and if you look at the caterpillar of the Elephant hawk-moth long enough, I am sure you will think that he is looking back at you, and that he does not like the look of you much. [Illustration: THE EMPEROR MOTH] Here, again, it is not his eyes that you see, but his eye-markings. In the first picture they are just where you would expect eyes to be, and I must explain to you why. He is called the "Elephant" caterpillar because the head-end of him ("head-end" sounds rather queer; but I think that if one may say "tail-end" one may say "head-end") tapers off very quickly from his fat body, and when he swings this end of him, as he often does, it looks like an elephant's trunk. You will see what I mean in the second picture. [Illustration: THE ELEPHANT HAWK MOTH'S CATERPILLAR SHOWING HIS EYE-MARKINGS] Now when he is frightened or angry, he tucks his head in like a telescope close up to the eye-markings, and then these look as if they are really eyes. Some people think, and they may be quite right, that these eye-markings frighten off birds and lizards and things like that, who would soon eat the caterpillar if they did not think that his eye-markings were really eyes, and that they must have a big body behind them. You remember the eyes as big as tea-cups in "The Little Tin Soldier"? If you have not read that, read it as quickly as you can. Eye-markings are very easy to see, and I am sure that you will be able to find four of them on the wings of the Peacock Butterfly. [Illustration: THE ELEPHANT HAWK-MOTH'S CATERPILLAR, SHOWING HIS TRUNK] Some people think that these frighten off creatures who might eat him, just like those on the Elephant Hawk caterpillar, and some people think just the opposite--that the eye-markings are so clear a mark that the butterfly's enemies will bite at _them_, and so get a mouthful of butterfly's wing, instead of the butterfly himself; which is, of course, all for the good of the butterfly. I don't think we can be quite sure that either of these reasons is true, but we may be certain that if the eye-markings were not somehow useful to the butterfly they would not be there. [Illustration: THE PEACOCK BUTTERFLY] The upper eye-markings on the Peacock have nothing particularly curious about them, but those on the under-wings each form a clear man's face with a big moustache, whiskers, and a bald forehead. If you hold the paper a little way off, you will see it clearly. It is something like Mr. Balfour.