The fifth monarchy men were a set of religionists who arose during the Puritan rule in England. They believed in a fifth universal monarchy of which Christ was to be the head, under whom they, his saints, were to possess the earth. In 1660 they caused an outbreak in London, in which many were killed and others tried and executed. Their leader was one Venner. The Adamites, a gnostic sect, who pretended that regenerated man should go naked like Adam and Eve in their state of innocence, were revived during the Puritan rule in England; and in our time in December, 1867, we have seen the same theory held and practiced in Newark, N. J. _Note_ 23, _page_ 46. In the provisional act, passed in the first assembly, March 19, 1638, and entitled “An Act ordaining certain laws for the government of this province,” the twelfth section required that “every person planting tobacco shall plant and tend two acres of corn.” A special act was introduced the same session and read twice, but not passed. A new law was passed, however, Oct. 23, 1640, renewed Aug. 1, 1642, April 21, 1649, Oct. 20, 1654, April 12, 1662, and made perpetual in 1676. These acts imposed a fine of fifty pounds of tobacco for every half acre the offender fell short, besides fifty pounds of the same current leaf as constables’ fees. It was to this persistent enforcement of the cultivation of cereals that Maryland so soon became the granary of New England. {114} _Note_ 24, _page_ 47. The Assembly, or House of Burgesses, at first consisted of all freemen, but they gradually gave place to delegates. The influence of the proprietary, however, decided the selection. In 1650 fourteen burgesses met as delegates or representatives of the several hundreds, there being but two counties organized, St. Marys and the Isle of Kent. Ann Arundel, called at times Providence county, was erected April 29, 1650. Patuxent was erected under Cromwell in 1654.—_Bacon’s Laws of Maryland_, 1765. _Note_ 25, _page_ 47. Things had changed when the _Sot Weed Factor_ appeared, as the author of that satirical poem dilates on the litigious character of the people. _Note_ 26, _page_ 47. The allusion here I have been unable to discover. _Note_ 27, _page_ 48. The colony seems to have justified some of this eulogy by its good order, which is the more remarkable, considering the height of party feeling. _Note_ 28, _page_ 48. Halberdeers; the halberd was smaller than the partisan, with a sharp pointed blade, with a point on one side like a pole-axe. _Note_ 29, _page_ 49. Newgate, Ludgate and Bridewell are the well known London prisons. _Note_ 30, _page_ 50. Our author evidently failed from this cause. {115} _Note_ 31, _page_ 50. A fling at the various Puritan schools, then active at home and abroad. _Note_ 32, _page_ 50.