(22.) =And I saw= (‘and thus I observed’) =how there is nothing of real-good= (in the technical sense in which this word occurs so often in this book) =from which= (full relative, ‘more than that in which,’ or ‘above that he should’) =he rejoices=, even =the man= does (humanity generally), =in his workings= (or what he accomplishes, plural), =for= (or, as כי has occurred in the corresponding clause previously, ‘as’) =this is= (emphatic) =his portion= (‘lot’ or ‘inheritance,’ singular): =for who= (כי again repeated, so we must render it ‘and as none’) =can make him come to see= (this is not exactly equivalent to ‘make him see;’ it is rather equivalent to ‘who could enable him to see,’ or ‘who could show him some method how he might discover’) =in what= (‘of what sort’ is that work which) =which will be after him= (not in respect of time, but results,――‘consequences,’ therefore). Thus Koheleth’s reasoning is quite clear, conclusive, and connected. In _ten_ particulars man and beast are alike. (1.) The result is the same to both; (2.) their death is alike; (3.) their spirit or animal life is the same; (4.) there is no pre-eminence of the one over the other; (5.) they are alike evanescent; (6.) they all go to the same place; (7.) they come from the same dust; (8.) and they all go to the same dust, and no one can tell (_i.e._ for certain, or by ordinary observations) that they differ in this; (9.) man’s soul goes up, (10.) and the beast’s goes down. The arrangement of the whole, it will be seen, is highly artificial. The next stage in the argument opens with ‘I turned and saw.’ That is a further observation of a point in which, it may be remarked incidentally, man does differ from the beast: he is the only animal that weeps. The object here is again to show that mere earthly labour, as such, produces no satisfaction. At this point the argument becomes somewhat less sustained, dealing rather with a succession of instances. CHAPTER IV. SO I returned, and │ BUT to return: I am observing considered all the oppressions │ this with regard to all those that are done under the sun: │ afflictions which happen and behold the tears of _such │ in this work-day world. as were_ oppressed, and they │ For see now the tear of the had no comforter; and on the │ afflicted for which there is ¹side of their oppressors │ no comforter: and that in the _there was_ power; but they │ hand of their afflictors there had no comforter. │ is power, and yet there is no │ comforter. ¹ _Hebrew_ hand. │