A Discourse Presented to the Most Serene Don Cosimo II., Great Duke of Tuscany, Concerning the Natation of Bodies Vpon, and Submersion In, the Water.Galilei, Galileo
Science
A Discourse Presented to the Most Serene Don Cosimo II., Great Duke of Tuscany, Concerning the Natation of Bodies Vpon, and Submersion In, the Water.
Galilei, Galileo
Hydrostatics; Specific gravity
Conjunction of the parts of an hard or Solid Body[68], and the
Conjunction of the same parts when the same Body shall be made
Liquid and Fluid: for if, for example, I take a Mass of Silver or
other Solid and hard Mettall, I shall in dividing it into two
parts, find not only the resistance that is found in the moving of
it only[69], but an other incomparably greater, dependent on that
vertue, whatever it be, which holds the parts united: and so if we
would divide again those two parts into other two, and successively
into others and others, we should still find a like Resistance, but
ever less by how much smaller the parts to be divided shall be; but
if, lastly, employing most subtile and acute Instruments, such as
are the most tenuous parts of the Fire, we shall resolve it
(perhaps) into its last and least Particles, there shall not be
left in them any longer either Resistance of Division, or so much
as a capacity of being farther divided, especially by Instruments
more grosse than the acuities of Fire: and what Knife or Rasor put
into well melted Silver can we finde, that will divide a thing
which surpasseth the separating power of Fire? Certainly none:
because either the whole shall be reduced to the most minute and
ultimate Divisions, or if there remain parts capable still of other
Subdidivisions, they cannot receive them, but only from acuter
Divisors than Fire; but a Stick or Rod of Iron, moved in the melted
Metall, is not such a one. Of a like Constitution and Consistence,
I account the parts of Water[70], and other Liquids to be, namely,
incapable of Division by reason of their Ienuity; or if not
absolutely indivisible, yet at least not to be divided by a Board,
or other Solid Body, palpable unto the hand, the Sector being
alwayes required to be more sharp than the Solid to be cut. Solid
Bodies, therefore, do only move, and not divide the Water[71], when put
into it; whose parts being before divided to the extreamest
minuity, and therefore capable of being moved, either many of them
at once, or few, or very few, they soon give place to every small
Corpuscle, that descends in the same: for that, it being little and
light, descending in the Air, and arriving to the Surface of the
Water, it meets with Particles of Water more small, and of less
Resistance against Motion and Extrusion, than is its own prement
and extrusive force; whereupon it submergeth, and moveth such a
portion of them, as is proportionate to its Power. There is not,
therefore, any Resistance in Water against Division, nay, there is
not in it any divisible parts. I adde; moreover, that in case yet
there should be any small Resistance found (which is absolutely
false)[72] haply in attempting with an Hair to move a very great natant
Machine, or in essaying by the addition of one small Grain of Lead
to sink, or by removall of it to raise a very broad Plate of
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