[Illustration: FIG. 55.--BRONZE STATUETTE OF A "SAMNITE" GLADIATOR (NO. 166).] A curious marble relief from Halikarnassos (No. =168=; fig. 58) gives a vivid picture of an unusual form of gladiatorial combat, between two women. They are armed like the _Samnites_, but without helmets, and the fight seems to take place on a sort of platform on either side of which the head of a spectator is visible. Their names are given as Amazon and Achillia, and above their heads is inscribed in Greek "discharged," [Greek: apelythêsan]. It is known that women fought in the arena under the Empire[35]; but under Septimius Severus (193-211) so much scandal was caused by a specially furious combat of a large number of female gladiators that such exhibitions were forbidden.[36] [Illustration: FIG. 56.--RETIARIUS (NO. 167). Diam. 3-5/8 in.] [Illustration: FIG. 57.--POMPEIAN RELIEF, REPRESENTING COMBATS OF GLADIATORS.] [Illustration: FIG. 58.--COMBAT OF WOMEN GLADIATORS (NO. 168). Width 2 ft. 7 in.] The objects exhibited in illustration of gladiatorial shows are numerous and varied, though not artistically remarkable. The subject was especially popular with the smaller craftsmen, the makers of bronze statuettes and the potters of Italy and Gaul, who produced terracotta lamps and vases for a large but uncritical public. A selection of some dozen lamps (No. =169=) is here given illustrating different stages of the combat, or single gladiators; one is simply ornamented with specimens of gladiatorial armour (helmets, greaves, shields, and daggers). [Illustration: FIG. 59.--GLADIATOR'S HELMET.] No complete example of a gladiator's helmet is shown in the Case, but the bronze visor (No. =170=), a small bronze model (No. =171=), and a model in glazed pottery (No. =172=) suffice to give an idea of the usual type. The illustration (fig. 59) of a helmet at Pompeii shows the arrangement of the visors. The cast (No. =173=) is from a relief from Ephesus (the original is in the Sculpture Galleries) which shows combats and corn-waggons (see Case 50) the _panem et circenses_ demanded by the Roman populace.