While Locke and Rousseau were urging the necessity of some sort of physical training in the scheme of education, and philologists and students of ancient art kept alive the knowledge of Greek gymnastics, a number of medical writers had been directing attention to the importance of bodily exercise in the restoration and preservation of health. In London, in 1705, _Francis Fuller_ (1670-1706), a graduate of St. John’s College, Cambridge, published “Medicina Gymnastica: or a Treatise Concerning the Power of Exercise with Respect to the Animal Œconomy, and the Great Necessity of it in the Cure of Several Distempers.”[12] A German translation appeared in 1750,[13] after the book had already passed through seven or eight editions in England. _Friedrich Hoffmann_ (1660-1742), a distinguished German physician referred to several times by GutsMuths in his “Gymnastics for the Young,” and the first professor of medicine at Halle University, published in Latin an essay “On Motion, the Best Medicine for the Body”[14] in 1701; and eighteen years later several of his articles on the hygienic influence of exercise appeared at Halle under the title “The Incomparable Advantages of motion and of Bodily Exercises, and How They are to be Employed for the Preservation of Health.”[15] _Joh. Friedrich Zückert_ (1737-1778), a Berlin physician quoted by Basedow, in discussing the hygiene of infancy and childhood (1764-1765),[16] mentions various bodily exercises, such as wrestling, dancing, riding, vaulting, bowling, skating and swimming. Upon his appointment to the chair of medicine at Lausanne, in 1766, _Simon André Tissot_ (1728-1797) delivered a Latin discourse on the health of the literary class (_De valetudine litteratorum_), in which he recommends games and gymnastics for the youth of both sexes. A French translation of the address was published in 1767,[17] a German one in the following year,[18] besides later editions in both languages, several in English,[19] and at least one in Swedish,[20] “Italian, and six other languages.” A well-known French physician, _Clement Joseph Tissot_ (1750-1826), published in Paris in 1780 his “Medical and Surgical Gymnastics: an Essay on the Use of Motion and of Different Exercises of the Body in the Cure of Disease.”[21] Translations of the work were printed in Leipsic[22] and Stockholm.[23] BIBLIOGRAPHY. R. M. Quick, “Some Thoughts concerning Education, by John Locke. With Introduction and Notes.” Cambridge (England), at the University Press, 1880. Revised edition, 1884. J. W. Adamson (Editor), “The Educational Writings of John Locke.” New York: Longmans, Green & Co.; London, Edward Arnold, 1912. W. M. Payne, “Rousseau’s Émile: or, Treatise on Education. Abridged, Translated, and Annotated.” New York, D. Appleton & Co., 1892. Thomas Davidson, “Rousseau and Education according to Nature.” New York, Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1898.