From these the semivowels w and y make a transition to the consonants v and the so-called aspirate of g, respectively. § 126. _System of Consonants._ Liquids. Mutes. Semivowels. || Lene. | Aspirate. || || Sharp. Flat. | Sharp. Flat. || || | || m || p v | f v || w n || t d | þ ð || . l || k g | κ γ || y r || s z | σ ζ || . n is doubled in _unnatural_, _innate_, _oneness_. l -- _soulless_, _civil-list_, _palely_. k -- _book-case_. t -- _seaport-town_. It must not, however, be concealed, that, in the mouths even of correct speakers, one of the doubled sounds is often dropped. § 132. _True aspirates rare._--The criticism applied to words like _pitted_, &c., applies also to words like _Philip_, _thin_, _thine_, &c. There is therein no sound of h. How the so-called aspirates differ from their corresponding lenes has not yet been determined. That it is _not_ by the addition of h is evident. Ph and th are conventional modes of spelling simple single sounds, which might better be expressed by simple single signs. In our own language the _true_ aspirates, like the true reduplications, are found only in compound words; and there they are often slurred in the pronunciation. We find p and h in the words _haphazard_, _upholder_. -- b and h -- _abhorrent_, _cub-hunting_. -- f and h -- _knife-handle_, _off hand_. -- v and h -- _stave-head_. -- d and h -- _adhesive_, _childhood_. -- t and h -- _nuthook_. -- th and h -- _withhold_. -- k and h -- _inkhorn_, _bakehouse_. -- g and h -- _gig-horse_. -- s and h -- _race-horse_, _falsehood_. -- z and h -- _exhibit_, _exhort_. -- r and h -- _perhaps_. -- l and h -- _wellhead_, _foolhardy_. -- m and h -- _Amherst_. -- n and h -- _unhinge_, _inherent_, _unhappy_. * * * * * CHAPTER IV. EUPHONY AND THE PERMUTATION OF LETTERS. § 133. 1. Let there be two syllables of which the one ends in m, and the other begins with r, as we have in the syllables num- and -rus of the Latin word _numerus_. 2. Let an ejection of the intervening letters bring these two syllables into immediate contact, _numrus_. The m and r form an unstable combination. To remedy this there is a tendency to insert an intervening sound.