For the whole of the seventeenth century the Longman family occupied the position of thriving citizens in the busy seaport town of Bristol, then the Liverpool of the day, and acquired some considerable wealth in the manufacture of soap and sugar, achieving in many instances the highest honours in civic authority. Ezekiel Longman, who is described as “of Bristol, gentleman,” died in the year 1708, leaving, by a second marriage, a little boy only nine years of age, who, as Thomas Longman, is afterwards to be the founder of the great Paternoster Row firm. By a provision of his father’s will, Thomas was to be “well and handsomely bred and educated according to his fortune;” this, we presume, was duly accomplished, and in June, 1716, we find that he was bound apprentice for seven years to Mr. John Osborn, bookseller, of Lombard Street, London--a man in a good, substantial way of business, but not to be confused with the other Osbornes of the time. Unlike Jacob, Longman served his seven years, and reaped a due reward in the person of his master’s daughter; and, as at the expiry of his time, the house of William Taylor (known to fame as the publisher of _Robinson Crusoe_) had lost its chief, Osborn being appointed executor for the family, we find that in August, 1824 “all the household goods and books bound in sheets” according to valuation were purchased by Longman for £2,282 9_s._ 6_d._--a very considerable sum in those days, and, towards the end of the month, £230 18_s._ was further paid for part shares in several profitable copyrights. In acquiring this business Longman took possession of two houses, both ancient in the trade, the _Black Swan_ and the _Ship_, which, through the profitable returns of _Robinson Crusoe_, Taylor had amalgamated into one; and here on the self-same freehold ground, the immense publishing establishment of the modern Longmans is still standing. The first trade mention we find of his name occurs in a prospectus dated Oct., 1724, of a proposal to publish, by subscription, _The Works of the Honourable Robert Boyle, Esq._ (the father of chemistry, and brother of the Earl of Cork), “to be printed for W. and J. Innes, at the West End of St. Paul’s Churchyard, J. Osborn, at the _Oxford Arms_, in Lombard Street, and T. Longman, at the _Ship_ and _Black Swan_, in Paternoster Row.” In a few months after this Osborn followed his daughter to the Row, and, adding his capital to that of his son-in-law, remained in partnership with him until the end of his days. In 1726, we find their names conjointly prefixed to the first edition of Sherlock’s _Voyages_, and between that date and 1730 to a great variety of school books.