spear, and the round shield, with its boss, which reminds us of those frequently found in the early Anglo-Saxon graves. The horse furniture is tolerably well defined in these figures. The forms of the spur (_spura_) and the stirrup (called in Anglo-Saxon _stirap_ and _hlypa_) are very peculiar. Most of the furniture of the horse was then, as now, of leather, and was made by the shoemaker (_se sceowyrhta_), who seems to have been the general manufacturer of articles in this material. Alfric’s Colloquy enumerates among the articles made by the shoemaker, bridle-thongs (_bridel-thwancgas_), harnesses (_gerœda_), spur-leathers (_spur-lethera_), and halters (_hælfra_). The form of the saddle is shown in the representation of a horse without a rider, given, from the manuscript last quoted, in our cut No. 48. [Illustration: _No. 47. An Anglo-Saxon Horseman._] [Illustration: _No. 48. Anglo-Saxon Horse Fittings._] [Illustration: _No. 49. A Chariot._] In the Anglo-Saxon church histories, we meet with frequent instances of persons, who were unable to walk from sickness or other cause, being carried in carts or cars, but in most cases these seem to have been nothing but the common agricultural carts adapted temporarily to this usage. A horse-litter is on one occasion used for the same purpose. It is certain, however, that the Anglo-Saxons had chariots for travelling. The usual names of all vehicles of this kind were _wægn_ or _wæn_ (from which, our _waggon_) and _crat_ or _cræt_ (which appears to be the origin of the English word _cart_). These two terms appear to have been used synonymously, for the words of the 18th Psalm, _hi in curribus_, are translated in one Anglo-Saxon version by _on wænum_, and in another by _in crætum_. The Anglo-Saxon manuscripts give us various representations of vehicles for travelling. The one represented in the cut No. 49 is taken from the Anglo-Saxon manuscript of Prudentius. It seems to have been a barbaric “improvement” upon the Roman _biga_, and is not much unlike our modern market-carts. The whip used by the lady who is driving so furiously, is of the same form as that used by the horsewoman in our cut No. 46. The artist has not shown the _wægne-thixl_, or shaft. A four-wheeled carriage, of rather a singular construction, is found often repeated, with some variations, in the illuminations of the manuscript of Alfric’s translation of the Pentateuch. One of them is given in our cut No. 50. It is quite evident that a good deal of the minor detail of construction has been omitted by the draughtsman. Anglo-Saxon glosses give the word _rad_ to represent the Latin _quadriga_. From the same source we learn that the compound word _wæn-fær_, waggon-going, was used to express journeying in chariots. [Illustration: _No. 50. An Anglo-Saxon Carriage._]