[Footnote 63: Their individual holdings are 3 hides and half a carucate, 2 carucates, 1½ carucates, 1 carucate and 2 carucates = 3 hides and 7 carucates. Their united holding is put down as 22 carucates, so that a hide in this case equals 5 carucates.] [Footnote 64: Bentham (in Yorkshire), Wennington, Tatham, and Tunstall are described as four manors, where there were three churches.] [Footnote 65: Now Titeup.] [Footnote 66: Authorities differ on the exact area, but probably the above is not far from the figure.] [Footnote 67: Fishwick's "History of St. Michael's-on-Wyre," _Chetham Soc._, xxv. 3 (new series).] [Footnote 68: Honour of Lancaster granted to him June 30, 1267, and letters patent issued to the tenants of the honour to do their homage and be obedient to him as their lord, February 16, 1268. In 1269 a similar letter was sent to William le Boteler, and in 1270 to Henry de Lacy, Robert de Stockfort, and the Abbot of Furness.] [Footnote 69: Charters of duchy. See 31st Report of the Deputy-Keeper of the Public Records, p. 6.] [Footnote 70: Toll for swine feeding in the woods.] [Footnote 71: A fair in 1255.] [Footnote 72: Carta de Foresta: Record Office.] [Footnote 73: Rossendale Forest adjoins this parish.] [Footnote 74: Plac. de Quo War., Edw. I.: Record Office.] [Footnote 75: Duchy Chancery Rolls, chap. xxv., A 2ᵇ.] [Footnote 76: The honour of Lancaster.] [Footnote 77: See Fishwick's "History of Kirkham," _Chetham Soc._, xcii.] [Footnote 78: Royal Letters, Henry III., No. 185.] [Footnote 79: "Letters from _Northern Register_," p. 97.] [Footnote 80: See "Popular History of Cumberland," p. 231.] [Footnote 81: The original rolls are in the Record Office. They have been printed by the Chetham Society, vol. cxii.] [Footnote 82: All the extracts refer to the Lancashire part of the honour, and to the years between 1295 and 1305.] [Footnote 83: Authorities differ on this point, but all agree that money in the thirteenth century was worth many times its present equivalent coin. At the very least, it requires to be multiplied by ten.] [Footnote 84: _Agisted_ = allowed to graze in the forest.] [Footnote 85: In 1338 the Abbot of Whalley charged certain persons armed "with swords and bows and arrows" with having taken away his goods, and, _inter alia_, 300 pieces of iron, and from the evidence adduced it appears that near Whitworth (in Rochdale parish), which is adjoining Rossendale, the Abbot and others were accustomed to dig up the ironstone and smelt it. (See Fishwick's "History of Rochdale," p. 84.)] [Footnote 86: _Merchats_ = fines paid to the lord for marriage of a daughter. The above sum was the sum returned to the tenant because it was found that the women were not daughters of villeins.] [Footnote 87: Treasury Receipts, 21a/3 Record Office; also _English Hist. Review_, 1890.]