(Brisbane and London, 1899); and Spencer and Gillen's very able and detailed account of the _Native Tribes of Central Australia_ (New York and London, 1899), both of which works, like those of Kohler, tend to sustain the general, though not all the incidental, conclusions of Fison and Howitt. Among the many papers and books useful for studying the social life of the Australians are Palmer, "Notes on Some Australian Tribes," in _Journal of the Anth. Inst._, XIII (London, 1884); Mathew, "The Australian Aborigines," in _Journal of the Royal Society of New South Wales_, XXIII (Sydney, 1889); Mathews, "Australian Class Systems," in _The Am. Anthropologist_, IX, X (Washington, 1896-97); and his "The Victorian Aborigines," _ibid._, XI (Washington, 1898). Supplementary materials may likewise be found in Dawson, _Australian Aborigines_ (Melbourne, Sydney, and Adelaide, 1881); Jung, _Das Welttheil Australien_ (Leipzig, 1882); Smyth, _Aborigines of Victoria_ (London, 1878); Smith and Stewart's _The Booandik Tribe_ (1880); Lang, _Social Origins_; Atkinson, _Primal Law_ (published together, London, New York, and Bombay, 1903); and especially Crawley, _Mystic Rose_ (London and New York, 1902). McLennan was first systematically and luminously criticised by Spencer, in Part III of his _Principles of Sociology_ (published, in parts, 1874-77; complete, New York, 1879). McLennan replied in two articles in the _Fortnightly Review_, XXVII (London, 1877); and in turn Spencer has a "Rejoinder," reprinted in his _Various Fragments_ (New York, 1898). Gomme supplements McLennan's evidences for his "Theory of the Primitive Horde," in _Journal of Anth. Inst._, XVII (London, 1888); and this article is criticised by Wake, _Primitive Human Horde_, reprinted from _ibid._, February, 1888. Morgan is supported by Engels, _Ursprung der Familie_ (Stuttgart, 1892). His researches are appreciatively reviewed and supplemented by Bernhöft, _Verwandtschaftsnamen und Eheformen der nord-amerikanischen Volksstämme_ (Rostock, 1888); and they are criticised by Lubbock, "On the Development of Relationships," in _Journal of Anth. Inst._, I (London, 1872). The views of Morgan and McLennan are examined by Wake in his "Classificatory Systems of Relationship," _ibid._, VIII (London, 1879); and his "Primitive Human Family," _ibid._, IX (London, 1880). See also his "Nature and Origin of Group Marriage," _ibid._, XIII (London, 1884); and his _Le mariage communal_ (Paris, 1875), replying to Barbier. An able conservative writer, vigorously and learnedly attacking the fundamental conclusions of recent sociological and ethnological science, is Schneider, _Die Naturvölker: Missverständnisse, Missdeutungen und Misshandlungen_ (Paderborn and Münster, 1885-86). He is