The first group comprises the lascivious religious rites, the so-called sacred or temple prostitution, found in connection with the worship of various deities of love and procreation, such as the Babylonian Mylitta, the Hellenic Aphrodite, the Italian Venus and the Carthaginian Moloch.[138] In the second class fall the revolting nuptial privileges, accorded in many parts of the world to priest, chieftain, or king, or to the friends of the bridegroom and sometimes to those of the bride. To these privileges in general the name of _jus primae noctis_ has been given.[139] A curious example of this practice among the American aborigines is communicated by Castañeda.[140] [129] WESTERMARCK, _op. cit._, 52. [130] For this class of evidence, see GIRAUD-TEULON, _Les origines du mariage_, 1 ff.: POST, _Familienrecht_, 57, 58; _Anfänge_, 17 ff.; LUBBOCK, _Origin of Civilization_, 69 ff., 104 ff.; BERNHÖFT, "Zur Geschichte des eur. Familienrechts," _ZVR._, VIII, 161 ff.; MCLENNAN, _Studies_, I, 83 ff.; MORGAN, _Ancient Society_, 500 ff., _passim_; LIPPERT, _Geschichte der Familie_, 168-80; PLOSS, _Das Weib_, I, 331, 360 ff., 370 ff., 383 ff.; KULISCHER, "Die geschlechtliche Zuchtwahl," _ZFE._, VIII, 140, 141; FRIEDRICHS, "Ursprung des Matriarchats," _ZVR._, VIII, 370 ff.; MUCKE, _Horde und Familie_, 65, 138 ff., who deny that these customs are evidences of promiscuity; as also does SCHMIDT, _Jus primae noctis_, 36 ff.; KOHLER, "Ueber das Negerrecht, namentlich in Kamerun," _ZVR._, XI, 419, 422; "Studien über Frauengemeinschaft," _ibid._, V, 334 ff.; _Zur Urgeschichte der Ehe_, 14, 64 ff., 146; and elsewhere in his various monographs; HELLWALD, _Die mensch. Familie_, 187, 326-29; KOVALEVSKY, _Mod. Customs and Anc. Laws of Russia_, 6 ff.; SCHNEIDER, _Die Naturvölker_, I, 267 ff.; II, 413 ff., who, rejecting the doctrines of evolution and survival, holds to the biblical legend of the "fall of man." [131] The result of the recent researches of Spencer, Starcke, Westermarck, Letourneau, and others will be discussed in the next chapter. [132] Read especially the section of BERNHÖFT, "Zur Geschichte des eur. Familienrechts," 161-221, on "Askese und Hetärismus," who is criticised by MUCKE, _Horde und Familie_, 122; GUYOT, _Prostitution_, 12 ff.; MANTEGAZZA, _Geschlechtsverhältnisse des Menschen_, 366 ff.; and the detailed and learned monograph of ROSENBAUM, _Geschichte der Lustseuche im Alterthume_ (Halle, 1893). An examination of the whole subject is given by WESTERMARCK, _Human Marriage_, chap. iv.