=Tortosa=, Syria. 35N. 36E. Ceded to Templars, c. 1161; taken by Saladin, 1188; by Mussulmans, 1291. =Tottori=, Japan. 36N. 134E. Visited by Lafcadio Hearn, and described in 'Glimpses of Unfamiliar Japan.' =Tranquebar=, Madras. 11N. 80E. Bought by Dutch, 1620; taken by British, 1787; sold to British, 1845. =Trebizond= ('a table'), Asiatic Turkey. 41N. 40E. F. by Greeks from Sinope, 700 B.C.; scene of Xenophon's retreat with ten thousand; capital of empire of Trebizond under Alexius Comnenus, 1204; taken by Mohammed II., 1461. =Trichinopoli=, Madras. 11N. 79E. British possession, 1801. Contains tomb of Bishop Heber. =Trichoor=, Madras. 11N. 76E. Occupied by Hyder Ali, 1776; by Tippoo Sahib, 1789. =Trincomali=, Ceylon. 9N. 81E. Contains ruins of famous Temple of a Thousand Columns destroyed by Portuguese, 1622. Taken by storm by British, 1795. =Tripoli=, Syria. 34N. 36E. Destroyed by earthquakes, 450, 550; captured by Saracens, 638; by Crusaders, who destroyed celebrated Arabian collection of books, 1109; by Egyptians, 1289. (See Volney's 'Voyage en Syrie et en Egypte,' Hakluyt's 'Voyages,' Burckhardt's 'Travels in Syria and the Holy Land.') =Troy=, Asia Minor. 40N. 26E. Said to have been f. by Dardanus, walls built by Apollo and Poseidon; centre of Greek legends. Visited by Alexander the Great, 334 B.C.; Roman possession, 189 B.C.; destroyed by Turks, 1306. (See Homer's 'Iliad,' Virgil's 'Æneid,' Tacitus' 'Annals,' Kinglake's 'Eothen.') =Tsing-tao=, China. 36N. 120E. Seized by Germany, 1897. =Turkestan=, Asiatic Russia. 44N. 68E. Resort of pilgrims to mosque of Hazret-Yassavi, built by Tamerlane. Occupied by Russian troops, 1864. =Umarkot=, Sind. 25N. 70E. Alleged to have been f. by Umar. Bp. of Akbar. =Ur=, Palestine. 32N. 35E. Contains ruins of temple to moon-god Sin. Frequently mentioned in Bible, especially as spot from which Abraham's father moved westward. =Ura-tyube=, Russian Turkestan. 41N. 68E. Alleged to have been f. by Cyrus; captured by Russians, 1866. =Urfah=, Asiatic Turkey. 37N. 39E. Captured by Seljuk Turks, 1040; by Crusaders, 1097; by Mussulmans, 1144. Ancient centre of Syrian learning; bp. of St. Ephraim Syrus, and said to have been res. of Abraham. =Urga=, Mongolia. 48N. 106E. Sacred city of Mongols, and is the seat of the Kutuktu, deified Lama. Contains famous temple of Maidar. (See Sheepshanks' 'My Life in Mongolia and Siberia.') =Urumiyah=, Persian Armenia. 37N. 45E. Alleged bp. of Zoroaster. =Utakamand=, Madras. 11N. 77E. Town in which Sir R. Burton resided, described in 'Goa and the Blue Mountains.' =Utch= ('high place'), Punjab. 29N. 71E. Contains fort built by daughter of Deo Singh. Captured by Mahmud of Ghazni, 1006. Res. of Persian historian, Minhaj-ud-din. =Van=, Asiatic Turkey. 38N. 43E. Alleged to have been f. by Semiramis; rebuilt by Van; by Valarsaces, 149 B.C.; taken by Arabs, c. 640; by Osmanlis, 1514; by Persians, 1636; by Kurds, 1845.