=New Netherland= (now New York). So named by Dutch explorers, 1614; Stuyvesant appointed governor, 1645; New Amsterdam surrendered to English, 1664, and name changed to New York; Amsterdam (Fort James) retaken by Dutch, 1673, and Dutch name of colony restored. (See New York.) =New Orleans=, Louisiana. 30N. 90W. F. by French, 1718; English defeated by Americans, 1815; surrender of town to Federal fleet, 1862. (See Louisiana.) =New Plymouth=, Mass. 41N. 70W. Landing of Pilgrim Fathers from the 'Mayflower,' Dec. 1620; first English colony planted in America; incorporated with Massachusetts, 1692. =Newport=, Rhode Island. 41N. 71W. Verrazano in harbour, 1524; f. 1638; taken by English, 1776 (W. of Ind.). Bp. William Ellery Channing (1780-1842). =New Providence=, Bahamas. 25N. 77W. Discovered by Columbus, 1492, who named it Fernandino; colonised by English, 1629; present name given by Sayle, who was wrecked off coast, 1667; buccaneers became masters of in 17th century; taken by Americans, 1776; restored to England, 1783. =New Spain=, original name given to Mexico. =New York=, state. 42N. 77W. One of the 13 original states. Verazzani in bay, 1524; Champlain discovers lake which bears his name, 1609; Hudson on river named after him, 1609; region explored by Dutch navigator Block, 1614; early Dutch settlements in (see New Netherland, Manhattan); first governor Cornelius May, 1624; colony received present name, 1664, when taken possession of by English; Dutch in power again, 1673-4; province formally surrendered to English by treaty, and Andros made governor, 1674; independence proclaimed, 1776; Erie Canal opened, 1825. =New York=, city. 40N. 73W. Settled by Dutch as New Amsterdam, 1614; named by them New Orange in 1673; negro plots in, 1712 and 1741; Stamp Act riot, 1765; fighting at Golden Hill, 1770; taken by the English, 1776, and only evacuated by them at close of W. of Ind., 1783; Washington inaugurated as first President of U.S., 1789 (see Manhattan, New Amsterdam). Columbia University f. 1754. Bp. Philip Freneau, poet (from whom Campbell stole a line) (1752-1832); John Howard Payne, A. of 'Home, Sweet Home' (1792-1852); Washington Irving (1783-1859); Rodman Drake, poet (1795-1820); C. Fenno Hoffmann, poet (1806-84); W. James, psychologist (1842-1910); Henry James, novelist (1843). =Niagara=, river. 43N. 79W. Falls discovered by French missionary, Hennepin, 1678. (See Fort Niagara.) =Nicaragua=, Cent. A. 12N. 85W. Columbus off coast, 1502; Espinosa in, 1519; J. de Avila, 1522; towns of Granada and Leon f. by Cordova, 1523; part of the Confederation of Cent. America, 1824-38, when it was declared an independent republic; in 1856 the filibuster Walker had himself elected president, but had to surrender the following year; political disturbances since; war with Honduras, 1907. =Nine Partners=, Duchess Co., N.Y. 41N. 73W. Bp. J. K. Paulding, A. (1779-1860).